Skin – Immune Disorders

Skin – Immune Disorders
By:Jan Bazner-Chandler
CPNP, CNS, MSN, RN

Key Function of Skin
* Protection – shield from internal injury.
* Immunity – contains cells that ingest bacteria and other substances.
* Thermoregulation – heat regulation through sweating, shivering, and subcutaneous insulation
* Communication / sensation / regeneration

Developmental Variances
* Sweat glands function by the time the child is 3-years-old.
* The visco-elastic property of the dermis becomes completely functional at about 2 years.
* The neonate’s dermis is thin and very hydrated, thus is at greater risk for fluid loss and serves as an ineffective barrier.

Diagnostic Tests
* Cultures
* Scraping
* Skin biopsy
* Skin testing
* Woods lamp
Neonatal skin lesions
* Vascular birth marks: hemangioma
* Port wine stain
* Abnormal pigmentation: Mongolian spots
* Neonatal acne: small red papules and pustules appear on face trunk.
* Milia: white or yellow, 1-2mm papules appearing on cheeks, nose, chin, and forehead
Inflammatory Skin Disorders
* Diaper dermatitis
* Contact dermatitis
* Atopic dermatitis or eczema
Cradle Cap
Treatment
Baby Care
Acne Vulgaris
Management of Acne
Pediculosis
Signs and Symptoms
Nits
Empty nit case
Viable nit
Interventions
Scabies
Assessment
Management
Impetigo
Causative agent
Spread
Interventions
Outcomes
Impetigo / cellulitis
Clinical Manifestations
Poison Oak, Ivy and Sumac
Poison Ivy
Poison Oak
Systemic Response
Burns in Children
Management of Burns
Alert
Flame Burn
Percentage of Areas Affected
Depth of Burns
First Degree Burn
Second Degree Burn
Third Degree or Full-thickness
Wound Management
Children and Their Families
Skin Grafts
Removal of split-thickness
Skin graft with dermatone.
Healed donor site
Compartment Syndrome
Escharotomy / fasciotomy in a severely burned arm.
Burn Wound Covering
Therapy to Prevent Complications Elasticized garment and “air-plane” splints.
Physical therapy to prevent contracture deformity.
Flash burn from gasoline.
Electrical burn caused by biting of electrical cord.
Ball & Bender
Keep Kids Safe
Infants Immune System
Immune Response
Neonatal Sepsis
Sepsis
Major Risk Factors
Minor Risk Factors
Etiology
Diagnostic Tests
Clinical Manifestations
Blood Test
Medical Management
Nursing Interventions
Outcomes
SCIDS
Treatment
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / AIDS
Killer T-cells
Blood Testing in Infants
Treating Infants in Utero
Modes of Transmission
Interdisciplinary Interventions
Interventions
Community Interventions
Changes in HIV

Skin – Immune Disorders.ppt