Respiratory System

Respiratory System

Respiration
* Process of air exchange
* Oxygen is obtained and carbon dioxide is eliminated
* Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli

Four parts of respiration
* Ventilation – movement of air between the atmosphere and alveoli
* Perfusion – blood flow through the lungs
* Diffusion – oxygen and carbon dioxide are transferred between alveoli and blood
* Regulation – respiratory muscles and nervous system

Respiratory Tract
* Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi
* Series of tubes that function as airway passages
* Filter, warm and humidify incoming air

Epiglottis
Heimlich Maneuver
Heimlich Maneuver - Infant
Trachea
Cilia - Smokers
Lungs
Bronchi
Alveoli
Surfactant
Lack of Surfactant
Nervous System Role
Disorders of Respiratory System
Drugs for Asthma and Broncho-constrictive Disorders
Asthma
* Airway disorder characterized by
o Hyper-reactivity to various stimuli - trigger
o Broncho-constriction
o Inflammation
Clinical Manifestations - Asthma
Precipitating Factors - Triggers
Pathophysiology
Drug to Treat Asthma
Quick Relief
Teaching
Long Term Control
Mild Persistent Asthma
Moderate Persistent Asthma
Corticosteroids
Action of Corticosteroids
When to call MD or go to ED
Emergency Treatment
Intermediate Acting Corticosteroid
Methylprednisone
Diagnostics
Peak Flow Meter
Hyper-inflated Lungs in Asthma
COPD - Chronic Bronchitis
COPD - Emphysema
COPD - Clinical Manifestations
Side Effects - Complications
Leukotriene Modifiers
Montelukast
Mast Cell Stabilizer
Toxicity of Drugs
Bronchodilator Overdose
Theophylline Overdose
Antihistamines and Allergic Disorders
Histamines
Action
Types of Allergic Reactions
Allergic Rhinitis
Allergic Dermatitis
Urticaria
Allergic Drug Reactions
Anaphylaxis – Life-threatening allergy
Emergency Treatment
Antihistamines
Use with Caution
H1 receptor antagonists
Management of common cold
Cold Remedies
Cough
Cough Remedies
Antitussive Drugs
Expectorants
Anti-histamines
Mucolytic Drugs
Nasal Sprays

Respiratory System.ppt