The Haematopoietic & Lymphoid Systems

The Haematopoietic & Lymphoid Systems

Erythrocytes

* Haematocrit
* MCV - size of RBC
* MCH - Hb content
* MCHC - Hb content
* Anaemia - decreased RBC’s/Hb conc.
* Anisocytosis - variation in size
* Poikilocytosis - abnormal shape
* Polycythemia - increased RBC’s

Leukocytes

* Granulocytes - neutrophil; basophil; eosinophil
* Agranulocytes - lymphocytes; monocytes
* Leukocytosis - increased WBC’s
* Neutrophilia
* Monocytosis
* Eosinophilia
* Basophilia
* Lymphocytosis
* Leukopaenia - decresed WBC’s
* Neutropaenia
* Pancytopaenia
* lymphoaenia


Platelets

* Thrombocytopaenia
* Decreased platelets
* Thrombocytosis
* Increased platelets

Haemopoiesis

* Sites of Haemopoiesis
* Haemopoietic stem cells
* Erythropoiesis
* Leukopoiesis
* Megakaryocytopoiesis
* Blood cells kinetics
* Control of haemopoiesis
* Haemoglobin


Blood Cell Differentiation from Stem Cell

Haemopoiesis
Haemoglobin
Anaemia
Classification of Anaemia
RBC morphology

Haemorrhage & Blood Loss Anaemia
Iron-deficiency Anaemia
Mechanisms of Iron Deficiency
Iron Metabolism
Clinical Pathogenesis
Clinical Morphology & Features
Diagnostic Criteria
Megaloblastic Anaemia
Megaloblast

Fe accumulation in bone marrow
Affects granulocyte & platelet precursors
Pancytopaenia
Morphology
Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anaemia
Mechanisms of Deficiency
Vit B12
Folate Deficiency Anaemia
Anaemia of Chronic Disorders
Chronic inflam disease
Aplastic (hypoplastic) Anaemia
Aetiology
Pathogenesis
Myelopthisic Anaemia
Haemolytic Anaemia
Consequences of Haemolytic Anaemia
Immune Haemolyitic Anaemias
Hereditary Spherocytosis
Sickle Cell Anaemia
Haemoglobinopathy
Factors that influence sickling
Hereditary spherocytosis
Thalassemia
β-thalassemia
Thalassemia major
Thalassemia minor
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency
Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Haemoglobinuria
Immunohaemolytic Anaemias
Warm Ab Immunohaemolytic Anaemia
Cold Ab Immunohaemolytic Anaemia
Microngiopathic Haemolytic Anaemia
Malaria
Leukaemia
Acute Leukaemia
Chronic Leukaemia
Clinical Course
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL)
Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML)
Myelodysplastic Disorders
Myeloproliferative Disorders
Natural History of Myeloproliferative Disorders
Polycythaemia rubra vera
Common aetiological conditions & pathology
Myelofibrosis
Essential Thrombocythaemia
Plasma Cell Dyscrasias
Multiple Myeloma
Pathology of Bone Disease in MM
Disorders of Primary Haemostasis
Thrombocytopaenia (decreased platelets in blood due to excessive destruction or decreased production)
Idiopathic Thrombocytopaenic Purpura
Thrombotic Microangiopathies (disorders of small vessels resulting in thrombosis)
Thrombocytic Thrombocytopaenic Purpura
Fundamental to TTP & HUS
Immune Thrombocytopaenias
Acquired Disorders of Platelet Function
Bleeding Due to Vascular Disorders
Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
Disorders of Blood Coagulation
Haemophilia (inherited disorder in which the blood clots very slowly due to deficiency of clotting factors)
Von Willebrand Disease
Disseminated Intravascular Disease
Aetiological factors
Haemorrhage & ischaemia

The Haematopoietic & Lymphoid Systems.ppt