Speech Generation and Perception

Speech Generation and Perception

Schematic diagram of the human speech production
Organs of Speech :
* Lungs and trachea :
o source of air during speech.
o The vocal organs work by using compressed air; this is supplied by the lungs and delivered to the system by way of the trachea.
o These organs also control the loudness of the resulting speech.
o The trachea and lungs together constitute the pulmonary tract.
* The Larynx :
o This is a complicated system of cartilages and muscle containing and controlling the vocal cords. Principle parts are :
o The place where the vocal folds come together is called the glottis.
* The Vocal Tract :
o Laryngeal pharynx
o Oral pharynx
o Nasal pharynx
o Oral cavity
o Nasal cavity
Vocal Tract
Vocal Tract Model
A General Discrete-Time Model For Speech Production
Time Waveform Of Volume Velocity Of The Glottal Source Excitation
Magnitude Spectrum Of One Pulse Of The Volume Velocity At The Glottis
Position Of The Vocal Cords And Cartilages (a) For Phonation (b) For Whispering
Speech Production :
* The operation of the system is divided into two functions :
o Excitation
o Modulation
* Excitation :is done in several ways

Hearing and perception :
The structure of peripheral auditory system :
Sectional View Of The Human Ear
Hearing
The Cochlea as It Would Appear If Unwound
Cross Section Of One Turn Of The Cochlea
Position Of Maximum Amplitude Along Basilar Membrance As A Function Of Applied Frequency
Frequency Response Of a Point On The Basilar Membrance

Speech Generation and Perception.ppt