Nutrient-drug interaction

Nutrient-drug interaction
Presentation by:Dr. Wassef
Department of Food Science

Definition of drug
* Medicine that helps recover from illness
* Illegal substance that leads to bodily harm and addiction
* Any substance that modifies one or more body functions

Multiple effects of drugs
* For example, Aspirin….
* Limits production of prostaglandins
* Prostaglandins help to produce fevers, sensitize pain receptors, cause contractions of the uterus, stimulate digestive tract motility, control nerve impulse, regulate blood pressure, promote blood clotting, cause inflammation.
* By interfering with prostaglandin actions, aspirin may have multiple effects!
* Nutrient-drug interaction can lead to nutrient imbalance or it can interfere with drug effectiveness
* Adverse interactions occur most likely if drugs are taken over long periods, if several drugs are taken or if nutrition status is poor
* Elderly people with chronic diseases are most vulnerable

Action of a Drug

o Dissolve in stomach
o Absorbed in blood and moves to where needed
o Has a reaction
o Eliminated

Action of a Food/Nutrients
o Digestion in stomach
o Absorbed in blood and moves to where needed
o Has a reaction/stored
o Not needed is Eliminated

Type of interactions
* Drugs can alter food intake, absorption, metabolism and excretion of nutrients
* Foods and nutrients can alter absorption, metabolism and excretion of drugs

Mix Food, Drink and Drugs Carefully
* Ask doctor questions
* Talk to pharmacist
* Read medicine labels
* Read printed material from pharmacy
* Read inserts provided by manufacturers

Nutrient-Drug Interactions
KNOW YOUR DRUG
Don’t mix a drug directly into a food or drink
Know Whether the Drug Should Be Taken on a Full or Empty Stomach
A New Concern - Grapefruit
* Can cause more of a drug to be absorbed from intestine – even toxic levels
* Interfere with the activity of a specific enzyme in the intestine – cytochrome

Drugs may not work when dairy products are consumed
* Tetracycline (also no iron supplements)
* Antifungal medicines
o Examples Diflucan and Nizoral
Drugs may require dairy products to work
* Progesterone supplementation

High Blood Pressure Medicine
* May need more or less potassium in your diet depending on the medicine
* Examples of high potassium foods – bananas, oranges, potatoes, leafy green vegetables, tomatoes

Coumadin and Vitamin K structural analog
* Coumadin prevents clots; Vit K helps to make clots
* Keep intake of foods containing Vitamin K constant
* Vitamin K is high in spinach, kale, turnip greens, cauliflower, broccoli, brussel sprouts and other leafy greens
* Also don’t take Vitamin K or E supplements

Used in cancer therapy
Displaces folate (antagonist) and causes folate deficiency
Methotrexate
Folate
Tyramine found in some food.
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOi)
MOA Inhibitors
Coumadin – blood thinner
Dilaritin – anti-seizure
Norvasc – anti-hypertension
Aspirin/Anti-inflammatory
Oral Contraceptives
Dyazide – diuretic
Tetracycline – Antiboitic
Lipitor/Statin – Cholesterol lowering
Prednisone – corticosteroid
Lasix - diuretic
DRUG
NUTRIENT/FOOD
Vitamin K
Vitamin D and Folate Deficiency
Sodium
Decrease Vitamin C
Decrease Vitamin B and folate
Decrease Potassium
Calcium
Antioxidants (Vitamin A, E, C)
Increase Appetite
Take NO Medicines with Alcohol
Alcohol & Pain Medicine
* Don’t take with alcohol to prevent stomach bleeding and irritation
* Don’t have more than 3 drinks per day to prevent liver damage if taking Tylenol
* Interact with enzymes – reducing effect of medicine
* Compete – leaving the drug longer - toxic
Alcohol & Other Medicines
* Can lower blood pressure too much with beta blockers and nitrate containing drugs
* Can cause liver damage with statin drugs
* Beta blocker – Inderal, Lopressor
* Nitrates – Nitro, Transderm Nitro, Isordil
* Statins – Lipitor, Mevacor, Zocor, Prevachol

Alcohol & Medicines for Depression and Anxiety
* Never mix with alcohol with any of these drugs! – make you more depressed and anxious
* Also caffeine may decrease the effectiveness of anti-anxiety drugs

Medicines may contain additional ingredients…..
The health-professional and nutrient-drug interactions
In Summary

* Tell your doctor and pharmacist about all your medicines
* Take your medicines to every doctor visit
* Learn all you can about your drugs
* Use alcohol and caffeine very cautiously if at all
* Drink plenty of water

Pharmacogenomics
Everybody is different
The Right Drug
To The Right Patient
For The Right Disease
At The Right Time
Goals of Pharmacogenomics

Nutrient-drug interaction.ppt