The Kidney & Urinary Tract

The Kidney & Urinary Tract

Renal Function

* Excretion of metabolic waste
* Regulation of salt & water balance
* Acid-Base balance
* Hormone secretion

Morphological Components

* Glomeruli
* Tubules
* Interstitium
* Blood vessels

Renal Tubular Structure & Function – single nephron
Clinical Manifestations of Renal Disease
Renal Syndromes
Congenital Disease
Glomerular Disease
Normal Glomerulus
Ultrastructure of Glomerular Capillary
Classification of Glomerular Dx
Nomenclature of glomerular injury
Clinical Presentations
Asymptomatic Proteinuria
Acute Nephritis (Nephritic syndrome
Nephrotic Syndrome
Chronic Renal Failure
Pathogenesis of Glomerular Injury
Immune Mechanisms of Glomerulonephritis
Immune Complex Nephritis-in-situ
Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease
Heyman Nephritis (autologous immune complex nephritis)
Circulating Immune Complex Nephritis
(type III hypersensitivity reactions)
Cell Mediated Immune Glomerulonephritis
Mediators of Inflammatory Damage
Other Mediators of Glomerular Injury
Primary Glomerular Disease
Secondary Glomerular Disease
Immune Complex Mediated Conditions
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Tubulo-Interstitial Disorders
Acute Tubular Necrosis
Interstitial Nephritis
Acute Interstitial Nephritis
Chronic Interstitial Nephritis
Drug Induced Interstitial Necrosis
Analgesic Nephropathy
Hypokalaemic nephropathy
Urate (Gouty) nephropathy
Hypercalcaemic nephropathy
Oxalate nephropathy
Acute Pyelonephritis
Haematogenous Spread
Chronic Pyelonephritis
Urinary Outflow Obstruction
Renal Calculi
calculus formation
Cystic Disease of the Kidney
Cystic Disease
Simple Cysts
Autosomal Dominant (Adult) Polycystic Kidney Disease
Autosomal Recessive (Childhood) Polycystic Kidney Disease
Disease Involving the Blood Vessels
Benign Nephrosclerosis
Malignant Nephrosclerosis
Thrombotic Microangiopathies
Tumours of the Kidney
Benign Renal Tumours
Malignant Renal Tumours
Bladder
Cystitis

The Kidney & Urinary Tract.ppt