The Skeletal System

The Skeletal System
The Axial Skeleton presentation lecture from:NORTHLAND COMMUNITY & TECHNICAL COLLEGE

* Axial Skeleton
o 80 bones
o lie along longitudinal axis
o skull, hyoid, vertebrae, ribs, sternum, ear ossicles
* Appendicular Skeleton
o 126 bones
o upper & lower limbs and pelvic & pectoral girdles

Types of Bones

* 5 basic types of bones:
o long = compact
o short = spongy except surface
o flat = plates of compact enclosing spongy
o irregular = variable
o sesamoid = develop in tendons or ligaments (patella)
* Sutural bones = in joint between skull bones

Bone Surface Markings

* Surface features-- rough area, groove, openings, process
* Specific functions
o passageway for blood vessels and nerves
o joint formation
o muscle attachment & contraction
* Foramen = opening
* Fossa = shallow depression
* Sulcus = groove
* Meatus = tubelike passageway or canal
* Condyle = large, round protuberance
* Facet = smooth flat articular surface
* Trochanter = very large projection
* Tuberosity = large, rounded, roughened projection
* Learning the terms found in this Table will simplify your study of the skeleton.

The Skull

* 8 Cranial bones
o protect brain & house ear ossicles
o muscle attachment for jaw, neck & facial muscles
* 14 Facial bones
o protect delicate sense organs -- smell, taste, vision
o support entrances to digestive and respiratory systems

The 8 Cranial Bones


Frontal Bone
Parietal & Temporal Bones
Temporal and Occipital bones
Sphenoid bone
Sphenoid in Anterior View
Sphenoid from Superior View
Ethmoid Bone
Facial Bones
Maxillary bones
Zygomatic Bones
Lacrimal and Inferior Nasal Conchae
Inferior Nasal Conchae
Palatine & Vomer
Mandible
Sutures
Paranasal Sinuses
Fontanels of the Skull at Birth.
Bones of the Orbit
Nasal Septum
Hyoid Bone
Vertebral Column
Intervertebral Discs
Normal Curves of the Vertebral Column
Typical Vertebrae
Intervertebral Foramen & Spinal Canal
Typical Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7)
Atlas & Axis (C1-C2)
Thoracic Vertebrae (T1-T12)
Lumbar Vertebrae
Sacrum
Coccyx
Thorax
Sternum
Ribs
Fracture at site of greatest curvature.
Rib Articulation
Herniated (Slipped) Disc
Clinical Problems

The Skeletal System.ppt