Microbiology in a Nutshell

Microbiology in a Nutshell
Presentation from nebo.edu

Yes, you will need to know this
Microbes
Viruses

* Microscopic (can’t see with the naked eye)
* nonliving particle
* Invades and reproduces inside a host.
* Contains DNA or RNA

Virus Multiplication

* Active
o Become sick within hours or days
* Hidden
o Illness can be delayed for weeks, months, or years
o Triggered by environment?

Bacteria

* Microscopic
* Prokaryotes (means they don’t have a nucleus)
* Living
* Contains DNA

Shapes of bacteria

* Spherical
* Rodlike
* Spiralshaped
* They can also be in chains
o Spherical chain

Bacteria Multiplication

* Sexual reproduction
o Two parents
o Conjugation (transfer of genetic material through bridge)
* Asexual reproduction
o Binary Fission-Simply splitting in two

Growth in Action

* Rapid, as fast as once every 20 minutes
* Continues until they run out of the basics
o Food
o Air
o Space

Parasites

* Organisms that live on or in a host and cause harm.
* Examples: Viruses, Bacteria, and tapeworms.
* Can a bacteria be a host?

How many can there be?

* These bubble-headed creatures are called bacteriophages, viruses that target bacteria. The head holds DNA and the tail acts as a needle attaching to a specific site on the bacterial cell wall, the virus squirts DNA through the tail into the bacterium. Ouch! They are among the smallest of organisms. You could fit about 680,000 of these creatures on the head of a pin.

What can you do?

* Get Vaccines
* Personal Hygiene
* Use Disinfectants
* Lines of Defense
o Skin
o Mucus barriers
o Immune System

Vaccines

Existing flu shots are 70 percent to 90 percent effective at preventing flu in healthy young people

* 50 percent effective in the elderly, (And even if the vaccines don't prevent the flu, they do tend to reduce symptoms and serious complications).

High Risk Groups

* aged 65 and older
* with chronic diseases affecting the heart, lung or kidneys
* with diabetes, immunosuppression, or severe anemia
* people in contact with doctors, nurses and nursing-home staff

Prevention

* "The current U.S. plan in the event of a pandemic is to vaccinate virtually the entire population," says epidemiologist Nancy Arden.
* Despite its advantages, less than 60 percent of the high-risk population gets the flu shot each year.

Microbiology in a Nutshell.ppt