Osteoarticular & Connective Tissues Systemic Pathology

Systemic Pathology

Osteoarticular & Connective Tissues
Bone
Function of Bone
Structure of Bone
Bone Remodeling Cycle
Osteoclasts
Osteoblasts
Fractures & Their Healing
Healing of Fractures
Congenital & Hereditary Bone Disorders
Achondroplasia
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Regulation of Calcium Metabolism
Role in metabolic bone disease
Osteoporosis
Aetiological Factors
Factors in the Development of Osteoporosis
Pathogenesis
Acquired or genetic aetiology
Clinical Features
Rickets & Osteomalacia
manifestations of Vitamin D deficiency
Clinical Features & Diagnosis
Bone Disease Associated with Hyperparathyroidism & Hypercalcaemia
Morphology
Renal Osteodystrophy
Mechanisms of Renal Bone Disease
Osteomyelitis
Pathogenesis
Acute Osteomyelitis
Chronic Osteomyelitis
Tuberculous Osteomyelitis
Paget’s Disease (Osteitis Deformans)
Pathogenesis
Morphology
The affected femur shows characteristic thickening & deormity
Bone Tumours
Disease of the Joints
Osteoarthritis
Fibrillation & fissuring seen in osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Immunological Abnormalities
Infectious Agents
Pathogenesis Overview
Extra-Articular Features
Spondyloarthropathies
Infective Arhtritis (Sepetic arthritis)
Aetiological Organisms

* Staphylococcus aureus
* S. albus (prosthetic jnts); S. pyogens
* Diplococcus pneumoniae
* Neisseria gonorrhoeae (STD)
* Heamophilus influenza (children)
* Gram –ve organisms (drug addicts)
* Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease
* Mycobacterium TB
* Brucella abortus (intervertebral discs)

Routes of infection

* Haematogenous
* Traumatic implantation
* Direct spread from adjacent tissue

Gout
Aetiology of Hyperuricaemia
CHRONIC TOPHACEOUS ARTHRITIS
Pathogenesis of Renal Involvement
Typical Clinical Presentations
Pyrophosphate Arthropathy pseudogout
Systemic Diseases & Joint Changes
Examples

Systemic Pathology.ppt

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Forensic Serology - Immunoassays

Forensic Serology - Immunoassays

Immunoassay Definitions
Structure of Antibodies
Preparation of Polyclonal Antibodies
Preparation of Monoclonal Antibodies
Categories of Immunoassay Tests
Competitive Assays
Noncompetitive Assays
Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Immunoassays Methods
Radioimmunoassay (RIA)
Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA)
Enzyme Immunoassay (ELISA)
Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay (FPIA)
Fluorescence
Polarized Light
Accuracy and Precision
Calibrators and Controls
Assay Interferences
Elisa is a type of EIA

Forensic Serology - Immunoassays.ppt

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The Changing Face of Viral Hepatitis

The Changing Face of Viral Hepatitis
Presentation by:D. Robert Dufour, MD, FACB, FCAP
Consultant Pathologist
Attending, Liver Clinic
VAMC, Washington DC
Emeritus Professor of Pathology


SIGNIFICANCE
HEPATITIS A
HEPATITIS E
HEV DIAGNOSIS
HEPATITIS B
HBV BIOLOGY
HBV Replication
Circulating HBV
Infection
Reservoir
Replication
HBV
mRNA
Reverse
Transcriptase
RNA-DNA Hybrid
Partially ds-DNA
Pre-S
Free HBsAg
DNA Polymerase
Partially ds-DNA
HBV BIOLOGY
OUTCOME
Loss of HBsAg
HBV SEROLOGIC TESTS
HBsAg
ISOLATED ANTI-HBc
HBeAg
ANTI-HBe
HBV DNA
HBV OUTCOMES & SEROLOGY
Immune control
Immune active
Immune tolerance
Acute hepatitis
HBV REACTIVATION
Anti-HBc pos
HBsAg neg
HEPATITIS C
HCV BIOLOGY
ANTI-HCV
RIBA for anti-HCV
Screening test for Anti-HCV
HCV RIBA
TREATMENT OF CHRONIC HBV AND HCV
ACUTE HEPATITIS
CHRONIC HEPATITIS B
TREATMENT INDICATIONS
TREATMENT BENEFITS
MONITORING Rx

* In HBeAg + with loss HBV DNA, serial monitoring of HBeAg status prognostic; if HBeAg lost (and anti-HBe develops), treatment can be D/C after 6-12 mo with 80% success
* In HBeAg – (or HBeAg + who do not convert), D/C treatment leads to rapid reactivation of HBV replication; treatment usually long-term in these patients

CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
RECENT ARTICLES

The Changing Face of Viral Hepatitis.ppt

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