Vitamins and Vitamin-Like Substances

Vitamins and Vitamin-Like Substances
By:Eric Niederhoffer & SIU-SOM

* Names and roles - vitamins
* Names and roles - vitamin-like
* Deficiencies and sources -vitamins
* Deficiencies and sources - vitamin-like
* Role in pathways
* Neurotransmitter overview
* Neurotransmitter pathway
* Tetrahydrofolate conversions
* Tetrahydrofolate examples
* B12 pathways

Names and Roles Vitamins
Names and Roles Vitamin-Like Substances
Deficiencies and Sources
Vitamins

A - night blindness
preformed: liver, egg yolk, butter, milk
b-carotene: dark green and yellow veggies
D - ricketts, osteomalacia
milk, fortified food, fish oils, egg yolks, liver
E - neurologic?, hemolytic anemia
veggie oils, nuts
K - bleeding disorders
green leafy veggies, fruits, dairy products, veggie oils, cereals, meats
B1 - beri-beri
seeds, nuts, wheatgerms, legumes, lean meat
B2 - pellagra
meats, nuts, legumes
B3 - pellagra
meats, nuts, legumes
B6 - neurologic disease
yeast, liver, wheatgerm, nuts, beans, bananas
B7 - widespread injury
corn, soy, egg yolk, liver, kidney, tomatoes
B12 - pernicious anemia
liver, kidney, egg, cheese
B9 - anemia
yeast, liver, leafy veggies
C - scurvy
citrus and soft fruits
B5 - none known
yeast, grains, egg yolk, liver


Deficiencies and Sources Vitamins-Like Substances
Choline - rare
whole eggs, liver, beef steak, and soy (lecithin)
Carnitine - unlikely
meat, dairy products, asparagus, wheat grem
Bioflavonoids - none known
fruits, vegetables, tea, coffee, cocoa, wine, beer
Lipoic acid - none known
liver
Coenzyme Q - rare
fruits, vegetables, meats
Inositol - none known
cereal grains
p-Aminobenzoic acid - see B9
liver, rice bran, whole wheat
Glycolysis
TCA
cycle
Glycogenolysis
Role in Pathways
Neurotransmitter Overview

Review Questions

* What are the different names for vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, C, and B12?
* Which pathway depends on vitamin A?
* Which pathways and enzymes depend on vitamin B1, B2, B3, B6 and B12?
* Which pathway and enzyme depends on choline?
* Which pathways and enzymes depend on folic acid?

Vitamins and Vitamin-Like Substances.ppt