Male sex hormones

Male sex hormones
Presentation lecture by:By C.Adithan

Male sex hormones
Androgens
* Synthesis& secretion
* Regulation
* Pharmacological actions
* Pharmacokinetics
* Preparations
* Therapeutic uses
* Adverse effects

Anabolic steroids
* Differ from androgens?
* Preparations
* Therapeutic uses
* Adverse effects

Anti-androgens
* Danazole
* Cyproterone acetate
* Flutamide
* Finasteride

Androgens
* Includes testosterone, DHT & androstenedione
- Testosterone serves as a prohormone for
o Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
o Oestradiol

Cholesterol
Pregnenolone
Progesterone
17-α- Hydroxy pregnenolone
17- Hydroxy progesterone
Dehydro-epi androsterone
Andro-stenedione
Oestrone
Oestriol
TESTOSTERONE
OESTRADIOL

Regulation of secretion
* Oestrogen – similar to Testosterone
* Inhibin inhibits FSH secretion at A.P level

Testosterone & DHT
+ growth of genitals in a boy
+ production of sperm
+ growth of facial, pubic & axillary hairs
+ muscular development
+ growth of larynx & voice deepens
+ inhibition of bone growth
+ thickening of skin, loss of s.c. fat
+ behavioral changes in men
+ nitrogen retaining effect
+ erythropoietin secretion increased
+ Increased LDL & decreased HDL

Transdermal patches
Orally active preparations:
* Methyl testosterone tab.
* Fluoxymesterone
* Mesterolone

wall of abdomen/thigh
Implants
Testosterone esters:

* Testo. propionate
* Testo. phenylpropionate
* Testo. cypionate
* Testo. enanthoate

Testosterone aq. suspension
Pharmacokinetics
Clinical uses of testosterone
* Testicular failure: Primary & Secondary
* Chronic illness
* Burns
* Osteoporosis
* Long term corticosteroid therapy
* Pituitary dwarfism
* Carcinoma of breast
* Hereditary angioneurotic oedema
* Anaemia (refractory)
* Menopausal syndrome

Adverse effects of testosterone
* Virilization (female)
* Feminizing side effects (male)
* Precocious puberty & stunted growth
* Cholestatic jaundice
* Enlargement of prostate
* Atherosclerosis
* Hepatic carcinoma
* Oedema

Anabolic steroids
Uses of anabolic steroids
o Osteoporosis
o Catabolic states
o Short stature
o Anaemia (refractory)
o Athletic performance

Anti-androgens
* Danazol
* Cyproterone acetate
* Flutamide
* Finasteride

Side effects:
Dose related
Amenorrhea (High doses)
Androgenic side effects
Uses:
* Endometriosis
* Menorrhagia
* Fibrocystic breast disease
* Hereditary angioneurotic
* Gynecomastia
* Infertility

* FSH & LH release in both sexes
* Binding of steroids to receptors
* Enzymes needed for steroid synthesis
* Weak androgenic, anabolic, progestational & glucocorticoid action

Cyproterone acetate
* Block androgen receptors
* secretion of gonadotropins
Uses:
* Acne
* Male pattern of baldness
* hirusitism
* Ca. of prostate
* Virilizing syndrome
* Precocious puberty
* Inappropriate behaviour

Flutamide
* Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
* Antagonise androgens:
o Accessory sex organs
o Pituitary

Uses:
* Cancer of prostate along with GnRH agonist
* Female hirusitism
Prostate volume
Symptom score
Peak urine flow rate
DHT level in prostate
Side effects: Loss of libido & impotence in 5 % pts.
Also used for prevention of hair loss

Male sex hormones.ppt