Carbohydrate Metabolism

Carbohydrate Metabolism

An Overview of Metabolism
Anabolism
Catabolism
Cells and Mitochondria
Metabolism of Carbohydrates
Blood Glucose Homeostasis
Fates of Glucose
High Blood Glucose
Glucose absorbed
Insulin: Glucagon
Pancreas
Muscle
Adipose
Cells
Glycogen
Glucose Metabolism
Fate of Absorbed Glucose
Glucose Utilization

Glucose
Pyruvate
Ribose-5-phosphate
Glycogen
Energy Stores
Pentose Phosphate Pathway
Glycolysis
Adipose
Glycogenesis
Lactate (animals)
Acetyl-CoA (TCA cycle)
Ethanol (yeast)
Adenosine Tri-Phosphate (ATP)
Mechanisms of ATP Formation
Phosphocreatine + ADP
Creatine + ATP
First Reaction of Glycolysis
Glycolysis - Summary
Pyruvate Metabolism
Anaerobic Metabolism of Pyruvate
Pyruvate Metabolism - Anaerobic
TCA Cycle
Oxidative Phosphorylation
Oxidation and Electron Transport
Electron Transport Chain
Total ATP from Glucose
Volatile Fatty Acids
Effect of VFA on Endocrine System
Glycolysis
Energy Storage
and much more are covered in this.ppt

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Drug Metabolism

Drug Metabolism

Transformation of Xenobiotics by Biological Systems
IMPLICATIONS FOR DRUG METABOLISM
1. Termination of drug action
2. Activation of prodrug
3. Bioactivation and toxication
4. Carcinogenesis
5. Tetratogenesis

Termination of Drug Action
Activation of Prodrug
Factors Affecting Drug Metabolism

* Age
* Diet
* Genetic Variation
* State of Health
* Gender
* Degree of Protein Binding
* Species Variation
* Substrate Competition
* Enzyme Induction
* Route of Drug Administration
Organ Sites of Drug Metabolism

* Liver
* Small intestine
* Kidney
* Skin
* Lungs
* Plasma
* All organs of the body
Cellular Sites Of Drug Metabolism
KINETICS OF DRUG METABOLISM
Velocity Of Metabolism Of A Drug
Velocity Of Metabolism Of Three Drugs
Phase of Metabolism
Phase I Reactions
Phase II Metabolism
Patterns of Drug Metabolism
PHASE I METABOLIC PATHWAYS
CONVERSION OF TERFENADINE TO FEXOFENADINE
* The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
CIMETIDINE Inhibits CYP450 Metabolism Of Many Drugs
Monoamine Oxidase Metabolism of Serotonin
Diamine Oxidase
Alcohol Dehydrogenase
Xanthine Oxidase
Nitro Reduction
Azo Reduction
Microsomes and cytosol
Amide Hydrolysis
Microsomes and cytosol
Ester Hydrolysis
Microsomes and cytosol
Epoxide Hydrolase

PHASE II METABOLIC PATHWAYS
PHASE II REACTIONS
GLUCURONIDATION
Morphine Metabolism

and much more are covered in this presentation

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Glycogen Metabolism

Glycogen Metabolism
Copyright © 1999-2007 by Joyce J. Diwan.

Topics discussed:
Biochemistry of Metabolism
Glycogen is a polymer of glucose residues linked by
Glycogen catabolism (breakdown):
Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)
A glucose analog, N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)
Glycogen Phosphorylase
Explore the structure of muscle Glycogen Phosphorylase with Chime.
Phosphoglucomutase catalyzes the reversible reaction
Glycogen synthesis
Glycogenin initiates glycogen synthesis.
Glycogen Phosphorylase in muscle
Regulation by covalent modification (phosphorylation)
The hormones glucagon and epinephrine
Commonly used terminology
Explain Symptoms:
Glycogen Synthase

Glycogen Metabolism.ppt

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