Human papilloma Viruse(HPV)

Human papilloma Viruse(HPV)
Presentation By:Nathalia Cruz

What is a Virus?
* Exceptionally simple living microbes.
* Contain a single type of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) and a protein coat.
* Obligatory intracellular parasites.
* Range from 20 to 14.000 nm in length.
* It’s classification is based on type of nucleic acid, strategy for replication, and morphology

HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS

* HPV is the virus that causes warts.
* More than 100 different kinds, 30-some of this cause genital HPV.
* Spread by sexual contact or from mother to baby.
* Genital warts appear 6 weeks to 8 months after contact with an HPV infected person.
* The most common sexually transmitted disease worldwide.
* Certain types of HPV are linked with cervical cancer.
* Divided into 2 subcategories: Genital Warts and Cervical Dysplasia.
* Most people do not know they have it.
* There are high risk and low risk types of it.

HISTORY

* The papillomaviruses are part of the PAPOVAVIRIDAE family of DNA tumor viruses.
* First discovered in the early 40’s.
* Gained notoriety in the early 80’s when it was discovered that some types of HPV caused cervical cancer.

MORPHOLOGY

* Papilloma virus genome is circular covalently closed double stranded DNA of about 8 kbp.
* All PV genes are coded in one of the 2 DNA strands utilizing the alternative splicing for the individual expression of each gene.
* Papillomavirus expression is characterized by a large array of mRNAs cells coding for different genes.
* 55 nm in diameter.

APPEARANCE
MECHANISM OF INFECTION
* All PV exhibit extreme specificity for infection on epithelial cells.
* The papillomavirus epitheliotrophy resides in the interaction of specific transmission factors with the viral regulatory region LCR.
* The infection normally results in hyperproliferation of the host cell and may lead to transformation and immortalization.

GENITAL WARTS

* Sometimes called condylomata acuminata.
* Are soft, moist or flesh colored, and appear in the genital area within weeks or months after infection.
* Sometimes appear in clusters and are either raised or flat, small or large.
* Women: appear in the vulva, cervix, vagina and anus.
* Men: Can appear on the scrotum or penis.

LIFE CYCLE (HPV-16)

* Starts with the infection of the host cell.
* The virus DNA is released within the nucleus
* Numerous cellular transcription factors interact with the non-coding viral regulatory region (LCR), starting transcription of the two hpv-16 transforming early genes (E6 and E7).
* The transforming proteins interact with the cellular antioncogenic regulator p53 disrupting the cell cycle.

LIFE CYCLE
HPV TYPES
HPV GENOMIC ORGANIZATION
HOW HPV CAUSES CANCER
* HPV DNA integrates into the host genome.
* The proteins E6 and E7 are produced from the resultant DNA.
* E6 binds and degrades p53 (a tumor suppressor gene).
* If the DNA is altered, the cell keeps replicating. The mutation rate of the cell increases.
* E7 binds and degrades retinoblastoma (another tumor suppressor gene).
* Retinoblastoma normally keeps the cell from growing too fast or responding to growth stimulators. This inhibitory factor is now lost.
* without these two mechanisms to slow down cell growth and prevent mutation. . .
* Malignant Transformation Occurs.


HPV TREATMENT

* Genital warts can be treated by a doctor and by different methods.
* Podofilox gel: A patient-applied treatment for external genital warts.
* Imiquimod cream: A patient-applied treatment.
* Chemical treatments (including trichloracetic acid and podophyllin), which must be applied by a trained health care provider to destroy warts.
* Cryotherapy: Uses liquid nitrogen to freeze off the warts.
* Laser therapy: Uses a laser beam or intense lights to destroy the warts.
* Electrosurgery: Uses and electric current to burn off the warts.
* Surgery: Can cut away the wart in one office visit .
* Interferon: an antiviral drug, which can be injected directly into warts.

CURE

* There is currently no cure for human papillomavirus.
* Once an individual is infected, he or she carries the virus for life even if genital warts are removed.
* The development of a vaccine against HPV is under way, but is still not available.
* If left untreated, some genital warts may regress on their own.


SOURCES

* http://cinvestav.mx/genetica/MyFiles/Papillomavirus/PAPepi.html
* http://www.life.umd.edu/classroom/bsci424/BSCI223WebSiteFiles/LectureList.htm#LectureList
* WWW.STDSERVICES.ON.NET/STD/WARTS
* http://www.ashastd.org/stdfaqs/hpv.html
* http://www.niaid.nih.gov/factsheets/stdhpv.htm

Human papilloma Viruse.ppt

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Microbiology and Infectious Diseases video

Microbiology and Infectious Diseases video presentations
from University of Wisconsin

Date		Presentation
03/06/2008		Rhinoviruses, the Old, the New and the UW J. Gern
04/17/2007		Bird Flu: A Virus of Our Own Hatching M. Greger View description Michael Greger, MD, Director of Public Health and Agriculture for the Humane Society of the US, speaks at the Health Sciences Learning Center on his national tour to discuss the theory that modern agricultural practices have played an influential role in the evolution of the H5N1 influenza strain. His theories are controversial because of his outspoken bias against industrialized agriculture and his employment by the nation's largest animal welfare agency; at the same time they are intriguing and well presented in his book on the topic. In addition he has been praised as an excellent and entertaining speaker.
02/08/2006		Tropical Disease: What you will see in Developing Countries R. Anstett View description

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Upper Respiratory Tract Infections

Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
Presentation by:Divya Ahuja, M.D.

Burden of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
The Common Cold
Transmission of rhinoviruses
Clinical characteristics
Diagnosis and treatment
Acute bacterial sinusitis
Paranasal sinuses
Acute sinusitis: complications
Case study
Chronic sinusitis
Spectrum of fungal sinusitis
Otitis externa
Malignant otitis externa
Acute otitis media
Acute otitis media
Diagnosis and treatment
Chronic otitis media and mastoiditis
Acute pharyngitis
Acute pharyngitis: physical exam
Pharyngoconjuntival fever
Vesicular lesions
Vincent’s angina and Quinsy
Diphtheria
Miscellaneous causes of pharyngitis
Treatment
Acute laryngotracheobronchitis
Acute epiglottitis
Acute suppurative parotitis
Deep fascial space infections of the head and neck
Severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS)

SARS: CDC case definition

* Respiratory illness of unknown etiology AND
* Measured temperature > 100.4 degrees F (38 degrees C) AND
* One or more clinical findings of respiratory illness AND
* Travel within 10 days of onset of symptoms to an area with documented or suspected cases OR close contact with a case
* Clinical findings of respiratory illness: cough, SOB, dyspnea, hypoxia, or radiographic findings of either pneumonia or ARDS
* Travel includes certain areas (mainland China, Hong Kong, Hanoi, Singapore) and also airports with documented or suspected community transmission

SARS: Radiographic findings

* Early: a peripheral/pleural-based opacity (ground-glass or consolidative) may be the only abnormality. Look especially at retrocardiac area.
* Advanced: widespread opacification (ground-glass or consolidative) tending to affect the lower zones and often bilateral.
* Pleural effusions, lymphadenopathy, and cavitation are not seen.

Upper Respiratory Tract Infections.ppt

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Swine Flu Pandemic Alert Raised To Phase 5

Swine Flu Pandemic Alert Raised To Phase 5



All countries should immediately now activate their pandemic preparedness plans," said the World Health Organization Director General Margaret Chan. "It really is all of humanity that is under threat in a pandemic.

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Prevent H1N1 Flu

Prevent H1N1 Flu

Dr. Jeffrey Engel, State Health Director
Release Date: April 29



Prevention:

Practice good hygiene. Wash your hands frequently with soap and warm water. Use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer if water and soap are not available.
Cover coughs and sneezes with a tissue; throw the used tissue into a trash can.
Avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth. Germs spread this way.
Avoid close contact with people who are sick.
If you are sick, do not go to work or school; stay away from other people as much as possible.
Try to stay in good general health. Get plenty of sleep, be physically active, manage your stress, drink plenty of fluids, and eat nutritious food.

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Swine Flu made simple - video

Swine Flu made simple - video

A simple explanation of what the swine flu is and how you can protect yourself from infection. Great resource for hospitals and health to help education the public.

Swine Flu - made simple from madesimple on Vimeo.

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Swine flue - What precautions can the public take?

Swine flue - What precautions can the public take?

Dr. John Sinnott on Swine Flu

As the number of cases and deaths from swine flu grow and extend beyond North America, health officials across the country, including Florida, prepare for the worst-case scenario -- a full-scale global flu epidemic. In the following interview, Dr. John Sinnott, professor of medicine and chief of infectious diseases at USF Health and Tampa General Hospital, answers questions about swine flu and outlines precautions the public can take.

What precautions can the public take? from USF Health, Univ. of South Fl on Vimeo.

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Laboratory Diagnostics and Specimen Collection related to avian influenza.

Influenza diagnostic tests differ by specimen type, laboratory expertise, and interpretation. We will discuss several of these tests and how to interpret.. presentation by: Council of State and Territorial Epdidemiologists.

Laboratory Diagnostics

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Swine influenza A (H1N1) Just-in-Time Lecture

Swine influenza A (H1N1) Just-in-Time Lecture
April 28, 2009

by Rashid A. Chotani
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences

Swine influenza A (H1N1).ppt

This lecture is being updated visit this page

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Responding to Outbreaks

In this video a team of CDC specialists travels to Uganda and tracks the source of a recent Ebola outbreak where CDC scientists are studying bats for clues to the Ebola mystery.

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Symptoms of Swine Flu

Symptoms of Swine Flu

In this video, Dr. Joe Bresee, with CDC's Influenza Division, describes the symptoms of swine flu and warning signs to look for that indicate the need for urgent medical attention.

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Swine Flu video

Swine Flu video from Centres for Disease Control and Prevention
http://www.cdc.gov/

In this video, Dr. Joe Bresee, with the CDC Influenza Division, describes swine flu - its signs and symptoms, how it's transmitted, medicines to treat it, steps people can take to protect themselves from it, and what people should do if they become ill.

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Swine Flu: Prevention

Swine Flu: Prevention

Swine Flu Concern that the world could be on the brink of the first influenza pandemic in more than 40 years escalated Sunday as France, New Zealand, Hong Kong and Spain reported potential new cases in which people had been infected with swine flu. Canada confirmed several new cases. America has reported at least 20 cases. There is concern. Better news. . .there are things that can be done You know the name Pasteur, as it pasteurization. The name you should know is Antoine Bechamp. Louis Pasteur believed that all pathogens including viruses come from the outside/external environment. Unfortunately, he was not correct, though standard medicine has based their entire treatment modalities on this notion. Bechamp believed that all disease originates from the internal milieu; that is, all problems start from the inside. Thus if a person takes care of his or her system by doing the basics eating right, exercising, living with passion etc., all will be right with the world. Or at least with the individual’s world. (It was reported that on his deathbed, Pasteur admitted that he was wrong and Bechamp was correct. Unfortunately, Fox News was not there to cover this.) Which brings us to the swine flu. What is it? It is much the same as human flu
but in pigs. The worry is that pigs are excellent hosts for the virus. And because they are genetically close to humans, they can pass the virus to us more easily than say, birds can. The great fear over the past decade has been that the avian flu virus, H5N1, would infect pigs which would act as a reservoir for its transmission to humans. Will this happen? My crystal ball is in the repair shop today. However, I am certain that there are a number of things that can be done and a number of things to be avoided. Allow me to start with the latter.

AVOID
* In my opinion, those who receive ―flu shots‖ have done themselves a
huge disservice. Unless you are 70 and prone to illnesses easily, getting the flu shot weakens the immune system. When the body comes in contact with a pathogen, there are a number of progressively stronger levels that the pathogen must go through. If it is successful in passing these layers, a person gets sick. However, with the flu vaccination, the pathogen is directly injected into the deepest layer (called the blood layer). Over time, the immune systems weakens. * Overconsumption of alcohol and sugars. Yes, these are the obvious ones but please be sure you are actually doing them versus talking about doing them. * Stress does terrible things to the blood. I had the opportunity to view it first hand in Canada several years ago. A brilliant microbiologist named Gaston Naessens created a microscope akin but much stronger than a Dark Field microscope. While viewing the blood, one can see the stages both healthy and unhealthy and the negative effects stress has on the system. * Boredom. The most underrated cause of sickness is boredom. Live life without excitement, without colors or passion and you are virtually guaranteed a free ticket to major illness, injury and/or disease. * Lack of exercise. THE major system in the body as it relates to immunity is the lympathic system. This system depends upon the musculoskeletal system as its pump. When the lymph gets congested due to lack of movement, illness is either present will be soon be present.

PLEASE NOTE: Casual walking, golfing, gardening or other ―non sweating activities which do not elevate the heart rate are NOT considered exercise. Do them if they bring you joy but be sure to exercise as well. Minimum of 5 days per week. TO DO * One of the simplest way is to read the AVOID LIST and do the opposite. * Be sure you are providing nutrition for the heart as in natural medicine, the heart is approximately 50% of the immune system. * Be sure you are providing nutrition for the hormonal system. HGH, melatonin and the sex hormones are the major players here. There are targeted nutrition for each. * Unless diabetic, Royal Jelly is a must for all. * Add Astragalus to your protocol too. Both are top notch immune strengtheners. Take note to all of these and more importantly, be sure to apply them. Pro-action is always better than no action.

Note:It is only information. Contact qualified doctor for advise.

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Swine Flu
Presentation by: Dr. Ihab Suliman

Swine Flu

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Swine Flu presentation by Dr. T.V. Rao


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Kawasaki Syndrome

Kawasaki Syndrome
Presentation by: Anna Mae Smith, MPAS, PA-C
Lock Haven University

* An acute, distinct, self-limited, febrile disease of children
o Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome
o vasculitis of coronary blood vessels with potential dilation, aneurysms, thrombosis, rupture, or myocardial ischemia
o 25% develop cardiac sequelae
* Incidence/Prevalence in USA: Worldwide, affects all races but most prevalent in Japan
* In the US, the annual incidence rate is 0.6 cases/100,000 children under 5 years old
* Seasonal variation - increased in winter and spring.
* Increased outbreaks at 2-3 year intervals
* Predominant age: 1-5 years; 50% are < 2 years old, 80% are < 5 years old. Seldom
* seen after 8 years of age

Diagnostic Criteria

* Fever lasting greater than 5 days plus 4 of the 5 following…
o Polymorphous rash
o Bilat. Conjunctiva injection
o 1 or more mucous mb changes
+ Diffuse injection of oral/pharyngeal mucosa
+ Erythema or fissure of the lips
+ Strawberry tongue
o Acute cervical lymphadenopathy
o 1 or more extremity changes
+ Erythema of palms &/or soles
+ Indurative edema of the same
+ Membranous desquamation of the fingertips
Treatment

TAKAYASU ARTERITIS

* Asian population
* Affects young adult populations
* Affects large elastic arteries
o Aorta & major branches & renal

ALLERGIC ANGIITIS/CHURG- STRAUSS SYNDROME

* Occurs in patients with asthma
* Middle age men>women
* Eosinophilia >10% WBC
* Mono or Polyneuropathy
* Transitory Pulmonary infiltrates
* Paranasal sinus Abnormalities
* Biopsy - Extravascular eosinophils

Kawasaki Syndrome

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Lymphatic Filariasis

Lymphatic Filariasis
presentation by: B.Ganesh

Regional Filaria Training & Research Centre
National Institute of Communicable Diseases
Kozhikode, Kerala, India

Lymphatic Filariasis
Infection with 3 closely related Nematodes

* Wuchereria bancrofti
* Brugia malayi
* Brugia timori

Disease Manifestation
Distribution
Lymphatic Filariasis Endemic Countries & Territories
Endemic Countries
Global Distribution Map
Global Scenario

Agent Factors
Culicoides
Host Factors
Social & Environmental Factors
Mode of Transmission & Incubation Period
Lymphatic Filariasis Diagnostic Methods
Laboratory Diagnosis
Immuno Chromatographic Test (ICT)
Quantitative Blood Count (QBC)
Ultrasonography
Lymphoscintigraphy
X-ray Diagnosis
Haematology
Lymphatic Filariasis
Clinical Manifestations
Clinical Spectrum
Chronic pathology
Stages in Lymphatic Filariasis
Stage of Asymptomatic amicrofilaraemic
Stage of Acute Manifestation
Chronic Manifestation
Occult Filariasis (TPE)
Hydrocele
Scrotum
Penis
Leg
Arm
Breast
Chyluria & Haematuria
Classification of Lymphoedema

Stages of Lymphoedema
Pathology of Lymphatic Filariasis
Lymphatic Filariasis Management
Management of Lymphatic Filariasis
Chemotherapy of Filariasis
Surgical Treatment
Lymphoedema Management
Basic Components and Benefits
Basic Components
Prevention & Cure of Entry lesions
Lymphatic Filariasis Control Programme
Vector Control

Filariasis.ppt

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Kawasaki Disease - Animated Heart

This is a great video that descriptively animates what KD can do to the heart.

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Kawasaki Disease - video

What is Kawasaki disease: Also known as lymph node syndrome, mucocutaneous node disease, infantile polyarteritis and Kawasaki syndrome. An acute disease of young children characterized by a rash and swollen lymph nodes and fever; of unknown cause.

Follow 10 minutes video on child's journey through KD. Includes commentary on KD from leading experts.

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Dr Robert " Bob Beck perfected the art of blood electrification to kill all illness infected via bloodstream it can kill natural & manmade and future diseases such as aids, cancer, ebola, hiv, flu, mad cow in fact anything that travels via the blood stream, which is almost every illness apart from mental ones.

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