Biogenic Amines in Foods & MAOI Drugs

Biogenic Amines in Foods & MAOI Drugs
A Crossroads Where Medicine, Nutrition, Pharmacy, and Food Industry Converge
Authors
* Beverly J. McCabe-Sellers, PhD, RD, LD
* Cathleen Staggs, MS
* Margaret L. Bogle, PhD, RD, LD
* Lower Mississippi Delta Nutrition Intervention Research Initiative
* Little Rock, AR 72211

Biogenic Amines in Foods
* What are Biogenic Amines (BAs)?
* What are MAOI drugs?
* Why be concerned?
* What are the problems in establishing BA content of foods?
* Why is interdisciplinary collaboration essential?

Biogenic Amines
* Organic bases usually produced by decarboxylation of amino acids or by amination and transamination of aldehydes and ketones.
* Vasoactive or psychoactive amines.
Decarboxylation Reactions: Free Amino Acid to Biogenic Amine

* Histidine
* Arginine
* Phenylalanine
* Tyrosine
* Tryptophan
* Histamine
* Putrescine
* 1-phenylethylamine &
* Tyramine
* Tryptamine
Vasoactive Pressor Amines
* Tyramine
* Tryptamine
* phenylethylamine

Tyramine:Physiological Effects
* Peripheral vasoconstriction
* Increased cardiac output
* Increased respiration
* Elevated blood sugar
* Release of norepinephrine

Tyramine Detoxification
MAOI Drugs
* Used to inhibit the actions of Monoamine Oxidase, especially in CNS as antidepressant
* More effective than other antidepressants in some subgroups, e.g. anxiety depressions, older adults
Tyramine and the Cheese Reaction
Foods with Tyramine
Banana pulp or Banana Peel
Potential for Tyramine Formation
Fermented: Sauerkraut
Mushrooms: Long storage, temperature abuse.
Questions about Early Analyses
Review of Published Values
* 289 food values and 108 alcoholic beverage values since 1981
* 15 (6%) foods were deliberately aged
* 65 (22%) contained sufficient tyramine to induce clinical reaction if 1-2 servings were consumed....

Food Science has brought us….
* Better technology to detect BA
* Food handling processes = improves food
* Over 100 articles addressing methods/processes of detecting or preventing tyramine development.
Newer generations and new modes of administration that lower the risks for food-drug interaction.
* Selective reversible MAOIs allow treatment of Parkinson Disease with little risk of hypertensive crisis.

Pharmaceutical Advances
Science promises….
Nutritionists bring….
Best Dietary Advice with MAOIs
* Buy fresh.
* Cook fresh
* Eat fresh

Biogenic Amines in Foods & MAOI Drugs.ppt