Dystonia

Spasmodic Dysphonia Evaluation and Management
Olvia Revelo, MSIV, Michael Underbrink, MD
Grand Rounds Presentation
Spasmodic Dysphonia Evaluation and Management.ppt

Firing rates, patterns and oscillatory activity in basal ganglia in movement disorder patients
Jonathan Dostrovsky
Firing rates, patterns and oscillatory activity.ppt

Dystonia
John Fang, M.D.
Dystonia2011.ppt

Spasmodic Dysphonia - A severe hyperadductive voice disorder
Spasmodic Dysphonia.ppt

A Biomedical Application of the Polhemus System
A Biomedical Application of the Polhemus System.ppt

Neural structures involved in the control of movement
BasalGanglia.ppt

A preliminary model for the role of the basal ganglia in natural motor control and motor programming
Steve Massaquoi, Zhi-Hong Mao, Eugene Lim, Munther Dahleh, and Eric Feron
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
A preliminary model for the role of the basal ganglia.ppt

Pathophysiology of Focal Dystonia and Implications for Treatment
Mark Hallett, M.D., Distinguished Speaker Series
Pathophysiology of Focal Dystonia.ppt

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.ppt

Antipsychotic drugs
Antipsychotic drugs.ppt

Introduction to Antipsychotics
Robert Averbuch, MD
antipsychotics_averbuch.ppt

Caenorhabditis elegans Mutants and RNA Interference
RNA Interference.ppt

Neural Separability Deep brain stimulation
Neural Separability Deep brain stimulation.ppt

Huntington’s Disease
Leon S. Dure, MD
Huntington’s Disease.ppt

RITE Review
Sergei Kashirny, MD
RITE Review.ppt

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Arthur R. Smith, MD
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.ppt

Psychotropic Medications
Dale Sanderson, PA-C
Psychotripic_medications.ppt

Paradoxical Vocal Fold Movement
Paradoxical Vocal Fold Movement.ppt

Cerebral Palsy The ABC’s of CP
Toni Benton, M.D.
Cerebral_Palsy_Talk.ppt

Neurological Exam
Neurological Exam.PPT

Dietary Supplements: Kava: a case study
David L. Gee, PhD
kava.ppt

600 Published articles on dystonia free access

1. Factors influencing response to Botulinum toxin type A in patients with idiopathic cervical dystonia: results from an international observational study.
2. Jaw-opening oromandibular dystonia secondary to Wilson's Disease treated with botulinum toxin type A.
3. Efficacy of zolpidem for dystonia: a study among different subtypes.
4. Palatal myoclonus associated with orofacial buccal dystonia.
5. Reduced serum ceruloplasmin levels in cervical dystonia.
6. Alteration of striatal dopaminergic neurotransmission in a mouse model of DYT11 myoclonus-dystonia.
7. Propofol may be useful in patients with congenital dystonia syndrome undergoing magnetic resonance imaging.
8. Genetic background modulates the phenotype of a mouse model of DYT1 dystonia.
9. Evidence for altered basal ganglia-brainstem connections in cervical dystonia.
10. Deep Brain Stimulation of the Pallidum is Effective and Might Stabilize Striatal D(2) Receptor Binding in Myoclonus-Dystonia.
11. Paroxysmal dystonia and neuromyelitis optica.
12. [Ocular wavefront aberrations in patients with facial dystonia treated with botulinum toxin].
13. Quality of life in individuals with cervical dystonia before botulinum toxin injection in a Brazilian tertiary care hospital.
14. Temporomandibular disorders in patients with craniocervical dystonia.
15. A patient with genetically confirmed myoclonus-dystonia responded to anticholinergic treatment and improved spontaneously.
16. Blepharospasm plus Cervical Dystonia with Predominant Anterocollis: A Distinctive Subphenotype of Segmental Craniocervical Dystonia?
17. Abnormal reorganization of functional cortical small-world networks in focal hand dystonia.
18. Reduced pallidal output causes dystonia.
19. Focal hand dystonia in a patient with ulnar nerve neuropathy at the elbow.
20. Dystonia and the role of deep brain stimulation.
21. Laryngeal dystonia in the course of multiple system atrophy: a cause of postoperative respiratory insufficiency.
22. Rationale and design of a prospective study: Cervical Dystonia Patient Registry for Observation of OnaBotulinumtoxinA Efficacy (CD PROBE).
23. Botulinum toxin type A and cervical dystonia: a seven-year follow-up.
24. Dtorsin, the Drosophila ortholog of the early-onset dystonia TOR1A (DYT1), plays a novel role in dopamine metabolism.
25. Complex regional pain syndrome with associated chest wall dystonia: a case report.
26. Dopa-responsive dystonia with a novel initiation codon mutation in the GCH1 gene misdiagnosed as cerebral palsy.
27. Gait and posture assessments of a patient treated with deep brain stimulation in dystonia using three-dimensional motion analysis systems.
28. Developmental profile of the aberrant dopamine D2 receptor response in striatal cholinergic interneurons in DYT1 dystonia.
29. Comparison of clinical characteristics of patients with adductor laryngeal dystonia in the focal and segmental types.
30. Dystonia induced by peripheral trauma: organic or psychogenic?
31. Motor unit abnormalities in Dystonia musculorum mice.
32. The nuclear envelope localization of DYT1 dystonia torsinA-ΔE requires the SUN1 LINC complex component.
33. Fixed dystonia in complex regional pain syndrome: a descriptive and computational modeling approach.
34. [Levodopa-responsive parkinsonism-dystonia due to a traumatic injury of the substantia nigra].
35. Psychiatric disorders in primary focal dystonia and in Parkinson's disease.
36. Impaired sequence learning in dystonia mutation carriers: a genotypic effect.
37. Abnormal functional connectivity in focal hand dystonia: mutual information analysis in EEG.
38. Long-term follow-up of botulinum toxin therapy for focal hand dystonia: outcome at 10 years or more.
39. [Dropped head syndrome associated to craniofacial dystonia].
40. Finger muscle control in children with dystonia.
41. [GTP cyclohydrolase 1-deficient dopa-responsive hereditary dystonia].
42. Efficacy of aripiprazole in sulpiride-induced tardive oromandibular dystonia.
43. Impairment of the rubber hand illusion in focal hand dystonia.
44. The c.-237_236GA>TT THAP1 sequence variant does not increase risk for primary dystonia.
45. Contributors to excess antagonist activity during movement in children with secondary dystonia due to cerebral palsy.
46. Neuronal degeneration in autonomic nervous system of Dystonia musculorum mice.
47. Pre- and post- GPi DBS neuropsychological profiles in a case of X-linked dystonia-Parkinsonism.
48. [Botulinum toxin type A influence on the lacrimal function of patients with facial dystonia].
49. Update on the pathology of dystonia.
50. Thermal hypesthesia in patients with complex regional pain syndrome related dystonia.
51. Temporomandibular dislocation due to aripiprazole induced dystonia.
52. Genetic and clinical features of primary torsion dystonia.
53. Bilateral striopallidodentate calcinosis. A presentation in the form of facial dystonia and frontotemporal dementia.
54. Focal dystonia in musicians.
55. SGCE isoform characterization and expression in human brain: implications for myoclonus-dystonia pathogenesis?
56. Modulation of the basal ganglia dopaminergic system in a transgenic mouse exhibiting dystonia-like features.
57. Molecular pathways in dystonia.
58. [Effects of an hydrotherapy program in the treatment of cervical dystonia. A pilot study].
59. Animal models of dystonia: Lessons from a mutant rat.
60. Status dystonicus a rare complication of dystonia.
61. Flupenthixol-induced tardive dystonia presenting as severe dysphagia.
62. In vivo neurochemistry of primary focal hand dystonia: a magnetic resonance spectroscopic neurometabolite profiling study at 3T.
63. Hereditary dystonia as a neurodevelopmental circuit disorder: Evidence from neuroimaging.
64. Decreased striatal dopamine receptor binding in primary focal dystonia: a D2 or D3 defect?
65. Chewing-induced facial dystonia.
66. Advances in the genetics of primary torsion dystonia.
67. A transverse and longitudinal MR imaging voxel-based morphometry study in patients with primary cervical dystonia.
68. Quantifying muscle asymmetries in cervical dystonia with electrical impedance: a preliminary assessment.
69. Catalytic function of PLA2G6 is impaired by mutations associated with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy but not dystonia-parkinsonism.
70. Direct interaction between causative genes of DYT1 and DYT6 primary dystonia.
71. Characterization of Atp1a3 mutant mice as a model of rapid-onset dystonia with parkinsonism.
72. Paroxysmal autonomic instability with dystonia in a patient with tuberculous meningitis: a case report.
73. Neurophysiology of dystonia: The role of inhibition.
74. Speech-induced lingual dystonia.
75. Differential response of dystonia and parkinsonism following globus pallidus internus deep brain stimulation in X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism (Lubag).
76. Lateral pterygoid muscle dystonia. A new technique for treatment with botulinum toxin guided by electromyography and arthroscopy.
77. Clustering of dystonia in some pedigrees with autosomal dominant essential tremor suggests the existence of a distinct subtype of essential tremor.
78. Genetic evidence for an association of the TOR1A locus with segmental/focal dystonia.
79. Dysregulation of striatal dopamine release in a mouse model of dystonia.
80. Oro-mandibular dystonia.
81. The early-onset torsion dystonia-associated protein, torsinA, is a homeostatic regulator of endoplasmic reticulum stress response.
82. The rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism mutation D923N of the Na+, K+-ATPase alpha3 isoform disrupts Na+ interaction at the third Na+ site.
83. Psychogenic dystonia - Case report.
84. Lateralized ictal dystonia of upper and lower limbs in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.
85. Substantia nigra hyperechogenicity in DYT6 dystonia: a pilot study.
86. How psychogenic is dystonia? Views from past to present.
87. Restoration of motor inhibition through an abnormal premotor-motor connection in dystonia.
88. GTP Cyclohydrolase 1-Deficient Dopa-Responsive Dystonia.
89. Early-Onset Primary Dystonia (DYT1).
90. X-Linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism.
91. Myoclonus-Dystonia.
92. Deafness-Dystonia-Optic Neuronopathy Syndrome.
93. Dystonia Overview .
94. Rapid-Onset Dystonia-Parkinsonism .
95. Paroxysmal exercise-induced dystonia with optic atrophy: a-30-year follow-up.
96. Chemical enhancement of torsinA function in cell and animal models of torsion dystonia.
97. [Tardive dystonia and the use of cannabis].
98. THAP1 mutations (DYT6) are an additional cause of early-onset dystonia.
99. Hearts of dystonia musculorum mice display normal morphological and histological features but show signs of cardiac stress.
100. Plasticity and intracortical inhibition in dystonia--methodological reconsiderations.
101. Dystonia in neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation: outcome of bilateral pallidal stimulation.
102. Increased sensorimotor network activity in DYT1 dystonia: a functional imaging study.
103. The early-onset torsion dystonia-associated protein, torsinA, displays molecular chaperone activity in vitro.
104. A probable association of acute dystonia with gemifloxacin administration.
105. The intermuscular 3-7 Hz drive is not affected by distal proprioceptive input in myoclonus-dystonia.
106. [Different faces of levodopa-responsive dystonia].
107. [A case report of early-onset primary torsion dystonia].
108. Novel THAP1 sequence variants in primary dystonia.
109. Modulatory effects of 5Hz rTMS over the primary somatosensory cortex in focal dystonia--an fMRI-TMS study.
110. Pediatric-onset dystonia associated with bilateral striatal necrosis and G14459A mutation in a Korean family: a case report.
111. Focal hand dystonia cured by removal of clinoid meningioma-case report-.
112. Motor cortical hyperexcitability in idiopathic scoliosis: could focal dystonia be a subclinical etiological factor?
113. Relative tissue expression of homologous torsinB correlates with the neuronal specific importance of DYT1 dystonia-associated torsinA.
114. Convergent evidence for abnormal striatal synaptic plasticity in dystonia.
115. Functional evidence implicating a novel TOR1A mutation in idiopathic, late-onset focal dystonia.
116. Regaining motor control in musician's dystonia by restoring sensorimotor organization.
117. Clinical and neurophysiological improvement of SGCE myoclonus-dystonia with GPi deep brain stimulation.
118. Pallidal deep brain stimulation in primary cervical dystonia with phasic type : clinical outcome and postoperative course.
119. Increased prevalence of val(66)met BDNF genotype among subjects with cervical dystonia.
120. The subthalamic nucleus in primary dystonia: single-unit discharge characteristics.
121. Successful use of the laryngeal mask airway supreme in a patient with craneo-cervical dystonia during magnetic resonance imaging.
122. Primary dystonia: molecules and mechanisms.
123. [Aripiprazole and acute dystonia].
124. Dystonia, autoimmune disease and cerebral white matter abnormalities in a patient with 18p deletion.
125. Surround inhibition depends on the force exerted and is abnormal in focal hand dystonia.
126. Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of patients with cervical dystonia.
127. Abnormal sensorimotor plasticity in organic but not in psychogenic dystonia.
128. Establishing the definition and inter-rater reliability of cortical silent period calculation in subjects with focal hand dystonia and healthy controls.
129. Oromandibular dystonia: a dental approach.
130. Transcriptional and proteomic profiling in a cellular model of DYT1 dystonia.
131. Cerebellothalamocortical connectivity regulates penetrance in dystonia.
132. Rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism in a child with a novel atp1a3 gene mutation.
133. Interaction of torsinA with its major binding partners is impaired by the dystonia-associated DeltaGAG deletion.
134. Impairment of bidirectional synaptic plasticity in the striatum of a mouse model of DYT1 dystonia: role of endogenous acetylcholine.
135. Retrocollis, anterocollis or head tremor may predict the spreading of dystonic movements in primary cervical dystonia.
136. Acral dyschromatosis with developmental regression and dystonia in a seven-year-old child: dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria variant or a new syndrome?
137. [Botulinum toxin therapy for focal dystonia].
138. Levodopa responsive dystonia secondary to virus encephalitis.
139. Printor, a novel torsinA-interacting protein implicated in dystonia pathogenesis.
140. Abnormal striatal and thalamic dopamine neurotransmission: Genotype-related features of dystonia.
141. Temporal discrimination threshold: VBM evidence for an endophenotype in adult onset primary torsion dystonia.
142. Infantile parkinsonism-dystonia: a dopamine "transportopathy".
143. Generalised dystonia: clinical diagnosis is possible.
144. Exhaustive analysis of BH4 and dopamine biosynthesis genes in patients with Dopa-responsive dystonia.
145. Orthotic fitting improves gait in a patient with generalized secondary dystonia.
146. Homozygous loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding the dopamine transporter are associated with infantile parkinsonism-dystonia.
147. The challenge of diagnosing focal hand dystonia in musicians.
148. Inter-hemispheric inhibition is impaired in mirror dystonia.
149. Neuroleptic-induced tardive cervical dystonia: clinical series of 20 patients.
150. A C-terminal mutation of ATP1A3 underscores the crucial role of sodium affinity in the pathophysiology of rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism.
151. Etiology of musician's dystonia: familial or environmental?
152. LULL1 retargets TorsinA to the nuclear envelope revealing an activity that is impaired by the DYT1 dystonia mutation.
153. Initial experience with imaging-guided intramuscular botulinum toxin injection in patients with idiopathic cervical dystonia.
154. Autosomal dominant GTP cyclohydrolase I (AD GCH 1) deficiency (Segawa disease, dystonia 5; DYT 5).
155. High-throughput mutational analysis of TOR1A in primary dystonia.
156. Dystonia: a clinical approach.
157. The pathophysiology of focal hand dystonia.
158. Induction of bradykinesia with pallidal deep brain stimulation in patients with cranial-cervical dystonia.
159. Abnormal structure-function relationships in hereditary dystonia.
160. [Dystonia: their epidemiology, aetiology, diagnosis and treatment].
161. Disordered plasticity in the primary somatosensory cortex in focal hand dystonia.
162. Single unit "pauser" characteristics of the globus pallidus pars externa distinguish primary dystonia from secondary dystonia and Parkinson's disease.
163. Olanzapine induced tardive dystonia in case of adolescent bipolar disorder.
164. Therapeutic immobilisation for small guitar player's dystonia: a case report.
165. New formulation of Botox: complete antibody-induced treatment failure in cervical dystonia.
166. Focal dystonia, tremor and myokymic discharges secondary to electrical injury.
167. Head tremor in patients with cervical dystonia: different outcome?
168. Clinical features of dystonia in atypical parkinsonism.
169. Cortically evoked long-lasting inhibition of pallidal neurons in a transgenic mouse model of dystonia.
170. [Rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism: sporadic form].
171. Myoclonus and tremor response to thalamic deep brain stimulation parameters in a patient with inherited myoclonus-dystonia syndrome.
172. Normalizing motor cortex representations in focal hand dystonia.
173. Mutations in the fatty acid 2-hydroxylase gene are associated with leukodystrophy with spastic paraparesis and dystonia.
174. Bilateral dystonia in type 1 diabetes: a case report.
175. TorsinA protein degradation and autophagy in DYT1 dystonia.
176. Long-latency afferent inhibition during phasic finger movement in focal hand dystonia.
177. Late onset dopa-responsive dystonia with tremor, gait freezing and behavioural disturbance and a normal dopamine transporter scan.
178. [Cervical dystonia--diagnosis and treatment].
179. Short intracortical and surround inhibition are selectively reduced during movement initiation in focal hand dystonia.
180. Olanzapine induced tardive dystonia.
181. A randomised controlled study of risperidone and olanzapine for schizophrenic patients with neuroleptic-induced acute dystonia or parkinsonism.
182. Mutation in intron 5 of GTP cyclohydrolase 1 gene causes dopa-responsive dystonia (Segawa syndrome) in a Brazilian family.
183. Differential involvement of striosome and matrix dopamine systems in a transgenic model of dopa-responsive dystonia.
184. The cervical dystonia impact profile (CDIP-58): can a Rasch developed patient reported outcome measure satisfy traditional psychometric criteria?
185. Changes in the relationship between movement velocity and movement distance in primary focal hand dystonia.
186. [Intrathecal baclofen in generalised dystonia secondary to cerebral hypoxia].
187. Outcome predictors of pallidal stimulation in patients with primary dystonia: the role of disease duration.
188. Dystonia-associated mutations cause premature degradation of torsinA protein and cell-type-specific mislocalization to the nuclear envelope.
189. Current status of cannabis treatment of multiple sclerosis with an illustrative case presentation of a patient with MS, complex vocal tics, paroxysmal dystonia, and marijuana dependence treated with dronabinol.
190. The sensory and motor representation of synchronized oscillations in the globus pallidus in patients with primary dystonia.
191. Risperidone-induced tardive pharyngeal dystonia presenting with persistent Dysphagia: a case report.
192. Poststreptococcal dystonia with bilateral striatal enlargement: MR imaging and spectroscopic findings.
193. Noninvasive brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease and dystonia.
194. Experimental therapeutics for dystonia.
195. Cervical dystonia: clinical and therapeutic features in 85 patients.
196. A novel missense mutation pattern of the GCH1 gene in dopa-responsive dystonia.
197. [Acute dystonia following paroxetine withdrawal].
198. Tardive dystonia and ziprasidone: a case report.
199. siRNA knock-down of mutant torsinA restores processing through secretory pathway in DYT1 dystonia cells.
200. [Clinical and epidemiological differences between adductor and abductor laryngeal dystonia].
201. Is the synchronization between pallidal and muscle activity in primary dystonia due to peripheral afferance or a motor drive?
202. A survey of Italian cases of dystonia treated by deep brain stimulation.
203. The dystonia-associated protein torsinA modulates synaptic vesicle recycling.
204. Dystonia.
205. Localization of dystonic muscles with 18F-FDG PET/CT in idiopathic cervical dystonia.
206. Neuronal responses to passive movement in the globus pallidus internus in primary dystonia.
207. The Canadian multicentre study of deep brain stimulation for cervical dystonia.
208. Cervical dystonia: disease profile and clinical management.
209. Relief of primary cervical dystonia symptoms by low frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation of the premotor cortex: case report.
210. Irregularity distinguishes limb tremor in cervical dystonia from essential tremor.
211. Study of a Swiss dopa-responsive dystonia family with a deletion in GCH1: redefining DYT14 as DYT5.
212. Focal hand dystonia secondary to Basal Ganglia germinoma.
213. Sporadic adult onset dystonia: sensory abnormalities as an endophenotype in unaffected relatives.
214. Progression of dystonia: learning from distorted feedback?
215. The TAF1/DYT3 multiple transcript system in X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism.
216. The difficult management of patients with respiratory segmental dystonia.
217. Prolonged oro-facial dystonia in a 58 year old female following therapy with bupropion and St John's Wort.
218. 'Parietal wasting' and dystonia secondary to a parasagittal mass lesion.
219. Bilateral trapezius hypertrophy with dystonia and atrophy.
220. Neuronal firing rates and patterns in the globus pallidus internus of patients with cervical dystonia differ from those with Parkinson's disease.
221. Prolonged myotonia and dystonia after general anaesthesia in a patient taking gabapentin.
222. Intragenic Cis and Trans modification of genetic susceptibility in DYT1 torsion dystonia.
223. The role of synchronised low frequency activity in globus pallidus interna in dystonia.
224. Hyperacusis in patients with complex regional pain syndrome related dystonia.
225. Deep brain stimulation in childhood: an effective treatment for early onset idiopathic generalised dystonia.
226. Effect of electrode contact location on clinical efficacy of pallidal deep brain stimulation in primary generalised dystonia.
227. Tourette syndrome and dystonia.
228. Mutant torsinA interferes with protein processing through the secretory pathway in DYT1 dystonia cells.
229. Cortical plasticity and its implications for focal hand dystonia.
230. Ablation of D1 dopamine receptor-expressing cells generates mice with seizures, dystonia, hyperactivity, and impaired oral behavior.
231. SUCLA2 mutations are associated with mild methylmalonic aciduria, Leigh-like encephalomyopathy, dystonia and deafness.
232. The phenotypic spectrum of rapid-onset dystonia-parkinsonism (RDP) and mutations in the ATP1A3 gene.
233. Reduced neuron-specific expression of the TAF1 gene is associated with X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism.
234. Aripiprazole-induced tardive dystonia.
235. Secondary motor disturbances in 101 patients with musician's dystonia.
236. Botulinum-A toxin in the treatment of painful post-stroke nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia triggered by periodic limb movements of sleep: case report.
237. Cervical dystonia in spinocerebellar ataxia type 2: clinical and polymyographic findings.
238. SGCE missense mutations that cause myoclonus-dystonia syndrome impair epsilon-sarcoglycan trafficking to the plasma membrane: modulation by ubiquitination and torsinA.
239. Deep brain stimulation in the treatment of secondary dystonia.
240. New formulation of Botox: complete antibody-induced treatment failure in cervical dystonia.
241. The syndrome of (predominantly cervical) dystonia and cerebellar ataxia: new cases indicate a distinct but heterogeneous entity.
242. Eating dysfunction associated with oromandibular dystonia: clinical characteristics and treatment considerations.
243. Adduction laryngeal dystonia: proposal and evaluation of nasofibroscopy.
244. Early onset torsion dystonia (Oppenheim's dystonia).
245. Laryngeal dystonia: case report and treatment with botulinum toxin.
246. Defective temporal processing of sensory stimuli in DYT1 mutation carriers: a new endophenotype of dystonia?
247. Pallidal deep-brain stimulation in primary generalized or segmental dystonia.
248. Biosynthesis of the dystonia-associated AAA+ ATPase torsinA at the endoplasmic reticulum.
249. Patterns of reoccurrence of segmental dystonia after discontinuation of deep brain stimulation.
250. Antidystonic effects of Kv7 (KCNQ) channel openers in the dt sz mutant, an animal model of primary paroxysmal dystonia.
251. [Progression of botulinum toxin dosage in focal spasticity and cervical dystonia].
252. [Mirtazapine-induced dystonia in a patient with Alzheimer's disease].
253. White matter abnormalities in dystonia normalize after botulinum toxin treatment.
254. [Lacrimal film evaluation of patients with facial dystonia during botulinum toxin type A treatment].
255. Caesarean section in a patient with torsion dystonia.
256. Dopa-responsive dystonia (Segawa syndrome).
257. Tardive dystonia, a case report.
258. Rate of force production and relaxation is impaired in patients with focal hand dystonia.
259. Deep brain stimulation in the treatment of tardive dystonia.
260. Effects of focal hand dystonia on visually guided and internally guided force control.
261. Mutations in the gene encoding peroxisomal sterol carrier protein X (SCPx) cause leukencephalopathy with dystonia and motor neuropathy.
262. A mutation of beta -actin that alters depolymerization dynamics is associated with autosomal dominant developmental malformations, deafness, and dystonia.
263. Mutations Phe785Leu and Thr618Met in Na+,K+-ATPase, associated with familial rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism, interfere with Na+ interaction by distinct mechanisms.
264. Effects of genetic variations in the dystonia protein torsinA: identification of polymorphism at residue 216 as protein modifier.
265. Caesarean section in a patient with torsion dystonia.
266. Improvement in the symptoms of smooth muscle dystonia during eculizumab therapy in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.
267. Animal models of focal dystonia.
268. Animal models of generalized dystonia.
269. Molecular dissection and anatomical basis of dystonia: X-linked recessive dystonia-parkinsonism (DYT3).
270. Neuroimaging in human dystonia.
271. [Botulinum toxin in the treatment of facial dystonia: evaluation of its efficacy and patients' satisfaction along the treatment].
272. Pallidal stimulation in dystonia: effects on cognition, mood, and quality of life.
273. Silencing primary dystonia: lentiviral-mediated RNA interference therapy for DYT1 dystonia.
274. Silent event-related fMRI reveals deficient motor and enhanced somatosensory activation in orofacial dystonia.
275. Use of mirror dystonia as guidance for injection of botulinum toxin in writing dysfunction.
276. Diffusion tensor imaging in primary cervical dystonia.
277. Complex I respiratory defect in LHON plus dystonia with no mitochondrial DNA mutation.
278. Selective impairment of hand mental rotation in patients with focal hand dystonia.
279. [Clinical analysis of 15 cases of Dopa-responsive dystonia].
280. [Acute dystonia following a wasp sting].
281. Early-onset primary torsional dystonia in a 4-generation Chinese family with a mutation in the DYT1 gene.
282. Pallidal stimulation relieves myoclonus-dystonia syndrome.
283. Bilateral first rib fractures due to tardive dystonia.
284. Disturbances of grip force behaviour in focal hand dystonia: evidence for a generalised impairment of sensory-motor integration?
285. Impaired motor learning in mice expressing torsinA with the DYT1 dystonia mutation.
286. Dystonia.
287. Genetic heterogeneity in rapid onset dystonia-parkinsonism: description of a new family.
288. Homeostatic-like plasticity of the primary motor hand area is impaired in focal hand dystonia.
289. Selective impairment of hand mental rotation in patients with focal hand dystonia.
290. Probable topical permethrin-induced neck dystonia.
291. Focal dystonia associated with pain.
292. Spontaneous pallidal neuronal activity in human dystonia: comparison with Parkinson's disease and normal macaque.
293. Bilateral deep-brain stimulation of the globus pallidus in primary generalized dystonia.
294. Pathophysiological differences between musician's dystonia and writer's cramp.
295. Task-dependent intracortical inhibition is impaired in focal hand dystonia.
296. [A patient with bilateral lesion in the striatum and slowly progressive dystonia secondary to T14487C mutation in the ND6 gene of complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain].
297. Transgenic mouse model of early-onset DYT1 dystonia.
298. Effect of torsinA on membrane proteins reveals a loss of function and a dominant-negative phenotype of the dystonia-associated DeltaE-torsinA mutant.
299. The finding and evaluation of EMG-guided BOTOX injection in cervical dystonia.
300. Effects of mutations in tyrosine hydroxylase associated with progressive dystonia on the activity and stability of the protein.
301. Long term continuous bilateral pallidal stimulation produces stimulation independent relief of cervical dystonia.
302. Pallidal deep brain stimulation in cervical dystonia: clinical outcome in four cases.
303. [Genetics in movement disorders--dystonia, tremor and chorea].
304. Neck proprioception and spatial orientation in cervical dystonia.
305. The syndrome of fixed dystonia: an evaluation of 103 patients.
306. Electron microscopy of tissue adherent to explanted electrodes in dystonia and Parkinson's disease.
307. Dystonia, tremor, and parkinsonism in a 54 year old man with 2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria.
308. Cervical dystonia responsive to levodopa.
309. A Drosophila model of early onset torsion dystonia suggests impairment in TGF-beta signaling.
310. Genetic heterogeneity in ten families with myoclonus-dystonia.
311. Globus pallidus internus stimulation in primary generalized dystonia: a H215O PET study.
312. Dramatic levodopa responsiveness of dystonia in a sporadic case of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3.
313. TorsinA and torsion dystonia: Unraveling the architecture of the nuclear envelope.
314. Craniocervical dystonia questionnaire (CDQ-24): development and validation of a disease-specific quality of life instrument.
315. Atypical laryngeal dystonia caused by an antiemetic.
316. Atlantoaxial dislocation in idiopathic cervical dystonia.
317. Impaired modulation of intracortical inhibition in focal hand dystonia.
318. Aberrant cellular behavior of mutant torsinA implicates nuclear envelope dysfunction in DYT1 dystonia.
319. Lluis Barraquer i Roviralta and the origins of torsion dystonia.
320. The early onset dystonia protein torsinA interacts with kinesin light chain 1.
321. [Fluoxetine-induced dystonia].
322. Mislocalization to the nuclear envelope: an effect of the dystonia-causing torsinA mutation.
323. Effect of a novel potential atypical antipsychotic drug, Y-931, in producing dystonia in cebus monkeys.
324. Deep brain stimulation for cervical dystonia.
325. Childhood onset generalised dystonia can be modelled by increased gain in the indirect basal ganglia pathway.
326. Focal hand dystonia--a disorder of neuroplasticity?
327. Patient with limb girdle dystrophy presenting with dopa-responsive dystonia--a case report.
328. Task specific focal dystonia: a presentation of spinocerebellar ataxia type 6.
329. [Treatment of a case of generalised dystonia using subthalamic stimulation].
330. [Botulinum toxin type B in the management of dystonia non-responsive to botulinum toxin type A].
331. Patterning of globus pallidus local field potentials differs between Parkinson's disease and dystonia.
332. Patients with focal arm dystonia have increased sensitivity to slow-frequency repetitive TMS of the dorsal premotor cortex.
333. Specific sequence changes in multiple transcript system DYT3 are associated with X-linked dystonia parkinsonism.
334. The effect of fatigue on abnormal vibration induced illusion of movement in idiopathic focal dystonia.
335. Abnormalities of motor cortex excitability preceding movement in patients with dystonia.
336. Abnormalities of spatial discrimination in focal and generalized dystonia.
337. Clinical and molecular findings in a patient with a novel mutation in the deafness-dystonia peptide (DDP1) gene.
338. Characterization of human torsinA and its dystonia-associated mutant form.
339. Effective behavioral treatment of focal hand dystonia in musicians alters somatosensory cortical organization.
340. Correlation of clinical neuromusculoskeletal and central somatosensory performance: variability in controls and patients with severe and mild focal hand dystonia.
341. Neuroferritinopathy in a French family with late onset dominant dystonia.
342. [Paroxysmal stereotypy-tic-dystonia syndrome].
343. Role of the dopamine D5 receptor (DRD5) as a susceptibility gene for cervical dystonia.
344. The epsilon-sarcoglycan gene (SGCE), mutated in myoclonus-dystonia syndrome, is maternally imprinted.
345. Purification of fully activated Clostridium botulinum serotype B toxin for treatment of patients with dystonia.
346. Sensory representation abnormalities that parallel focal hand dystonia in a primate model.
347. Agreement among neurologists on the clinical diagnosis of dystonia at different body sites.
348. Lithium - induced tardive dystonia.
349. Does sex influence age at onset in cranial-cervical and upper limb dystonia?
350. Focal hand dystonia after cervical whiplash injury.
351. Evidence that paternal expression of the epsilon-sarcoglycan gene accounts for reduced penetrance in myoclonus-dystonia.
352. Dysport produces intrinsically more swallowing problems than Botox: unexpected results from a conversion factor study in cervical dystonia.
353. Unilateral globus pallidus internus stimulation improves delayed onset post-traumatic cervical dystonia with an ipsilateral focal basal ganglia lesion.
354. Acute dystonia by droperidol during intravenous patient-controlled analgesia in young patients.
355. [Bilateral hand dystonia secondary to a bilateral opercular syndrome or Foix-Chavany-Marie syndrome].
356. Aggregation of actin and cofilin in identical twins with juvenile-onset dystonia.
357. Neuropathological findings in multiple system atrophy with dystonia.
358. Oropharyngeal swallowing in craniocervical dystonia.
359. Effect of chronic pallidal deep brain stimulation on off period dystonia and sensory symptoms in advanced Parkinson's disease.
360. Abnormal cerebellar signaling induces dystonia in mice.
361. Altered discharge pattern of basal ganglia output neurons in an animal model of idiopathic dystonia.
362. Reversible chorea and focal dystonia in vitamin B12 deficiency.
363. [Nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia, movement disorder and epilepsy].
364. Dystonia as presenting manifestation of ataxia telangiectasia : a case report.
365. Focal lingual dystonia, urinary incontinence, and sensory deficits secondary to low voltage electrocution: case report and literature review.
366. Phenocopies in a large GCH1 mutation positive family with dopa responsive dystonia: confusing the picture?
367. Inherited and de novo mutations in sporadic cases of DYT1-dystonia.
368. What are the determinants of quality of life in people with cervical dystonia?
369. The C66W mutation in the deafness dystonia peptide 1 (DDP1) affects the formation of functional DDP1.TIM13 complexes in the mitochondrial intermembrane space.
370. Prognosis of Japanese encephalitis patients with dystonia compared to those with parkinsonian features only.
371. [Dopa-responsive dystonia--a hereditary dystonia easy to treat].
372. Respective potencies of Botox and Dysport: a double blind, randomised, crossover study in cervical dystonia.
373. Respective potencies of Botox and Dysport: a double blind, randomised, crossover study in cervical dystonia.
374. Human deafness dystonia syndrome is caused by a defect in assembly of the DDP1/TIMM8a-TIMM13 complex.
375. Dystonia in multiple system atrophy.
376. Dystonia in multiple system atrophy.
377. Treatment of dystonia with botulinum A toxin: a retrospective study of 170 patients.
378. Pallidal deep brain stimulation in patients with cervical dystonia and severe cervical dyskinesias with cervical myelopathy.
379. [Efficacy and tolerance of gabapentin in dystonia and hemifacial spasm: a pilot study].
380. Sex linked recessive dystonia parkinsonism of Panay, Philippines (XDP).
381. [Laryngeal dystonia].
382. [Segmental dystonia as manifestation of cavernous angioma: case report].
383. No evidence of allelic heterogeneity in the DYT1 gene of European patients with early onset torsion dystonia.
384. Acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) 4 gene: physical mapping, genomic organisation, and evaluation as a candidate for paroxysmal dystonia.
385. Effects of adenosine receptor agonists and antagonists in a genetic animal model of primary paroxysmal dystonia.
386. Arm tremor in cervical dystonia differs from essential tremor and can be classified by onset age and spread of symptoms.
387. Role of the deafness dystonia peptide 1 (DDP1) in import of human Tim23 into the inner membrane of mitochondria.
388. Bilateral pallidotomy for generalized dystonia.
389. Cervical dystonia is associated with a polymorphism in the dopamine (D5) receptor gene.
390. Health related quality of life is improved by botulinum neurotoxin type A in long term treated patients with focal dystonia.
391. Prospective study of swallowing function in patients with cervical dystonia undergoing selective peripheral denervation.
392. Spontaneous remission of paroxysmal dystonia coincides with normalization of entopeduncular activity in dt(SZ) mutants.
393. A frameshift mitochondrial complex I gene mutation in a patient with dystonia and cataracts: is the mutation pathogenic?
394. Dystonia and cerebellar atrophy in Cacna1a null mice lacking P/Q calcium channel activity.
395. [Use of botulinum toxin in the treatment of laryngeal dystonia (spasmodic dysphonia): preliminary study of twelve patients].
396. Prospective study of selective peripheral denervation for botulinum-toxin resistant patients with cervical dystonia.
397. Pallidal and thalamic neurostimulation in severe tardive dystonia.
398. Diagnosis of dopa-responsive dystonia and other tetrahydrobiopterin disorders by the study of biopterin metabolism in fibroblasts.
399. Abnormalities of sensorimotor integration in focal dystonia: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study.
400. Analysis of stimuli triggering attacks of paroxysmal dystonia induced by exertion.
401. A case of foot dystonia with peripheral lesion.
402. Sporadic paroxysmal exercise induced dystonia: report of a case and review of the literature.
403. Computational model of the role of sensory disorganization in focal task-specific dystonia.
404. Slowly progressive dystonia following central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis.
405. Antidystonic efficacy of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors in a rodent model of primary paroxysmal dystonia.
406. A major locus for myoclonus-dystonia maps to chromosome 7q in eight families.
407. Deficit of striatal parvalbumin-reactive GABAergic interneurons and decreased basal ganglia output in a genetic rodent model of idiopathic paroxysmal dystonia.
408. Unilateral lesions of the globus pallidus: report of four patients presenting with focal or segmental dystonia.
409. Hereditary juvenile-onset craniocervical predominant generalized dystonia with parkinsonism.
410. Intrathecal baclofen for the treatment of dystonia in patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy.
411. Disorder of movement preparation in dystonia.
412. Nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia due to a subfrontal cortical dysplasia.
413. Feigning dystonia to feed an unusual drug addiction.
414. [Psychogenic dystonia: report of 2 cases].
415. A de novo missense mutation in a critical domain of the X-linked DDP gene causes the typical deafness-dystonia-optic atrophy syndrome.
416. Torsin A and its torsion dystonia-associated mutant forms are lumenal glycoproteins that exhibit distinct subcellular localizations.
417. Head tremor in cervical dystonia.
418. Levodopa-responsive dystonia. GTP cyclohydrolase I or parkin mutations?
419. Mutant torsinA, responsible for early-onset torsion dystonia, forms membrane inclusions in cultured neural cells.
420. A new family with paroxysmal exercise induced dystonia and migraine: a clinical and genetic study.
421. Post-traumatic cervical dystonia: a distinct entity?
422. Tardive dystonia.
423. Tardive and idiopathic oromandibular dystonia: a clinical comparison.
424. Dystonia : emerging concepts in pathophysiology.
425. Abnormal central integration of a dual somatosensory input in dystonia. Evidence for sensory overflow.
426. Reorganization in the cutaneous core of the human thalamic principal somatic sensory nucleus (Ventral caudal) in patients with dystonia.
427. Disturbances of dynamic balance in phasic cervical dystonia.
428. Thalamic single neuron activity in patients with dystonia: dystonia-related activity and somatic sensory reorganization.
429. Acute dystonia induced by drug treatment.
430. Primary torsion dystonia: the search for genes is not over.
431. Abnormal cortical processing of voluntary muscle relaxation in patients with focal hand dystonia studied by movement-related potentials.
432. Generalised muscular weakness after botulinum toxin injections for dystonia: a report of three cases.
433. From off-period dystonia to peak-dose chorea. The clinical spectrum of varying subthalamic nucleus activity.
434. Association of a missense change in the D2 dopamine receptor with myoclonus dystonia.
435. Acute dystonia during sevoflurane induction.
436. Thalamotomy for severe antipsychotic induced tardive dyskinesia and dystonia.
437. Human deafness dystonia syndrome is a mitochondrial disease.
438. Mitochondria and dystonia: the movement disorder connection?
439. DYT1 mutation in French families with idiopathic torsion dystonia.
440. Dystonia associated with mutation of the neuronal sodium channel Scn8a and identification of the modifier locus Scnm1 on mouse chromosome 3.
441. The role of DYT1 in primary torsion dystonia in Europe.
442. A novel de novo point mutation in the GTP cyclohydrolase I gene in a Japanese patient with hereditary progressive and dopa responsive dystonia.
443. Search for a founder mutation in idiopathic focal dystonia from Northern Germany.
444. The natural history of tardive dystonia. A long-term follow-up study of 107 cases.
445. Pallidal activity during dystonia: somatosensory reorganisation and changes with severity.
446. Peripherally induced oromandibular dystonia.
447. Dystonia after striatopallidal and thalamic stroke: clinicoradiological correlations and pathophysiological mechanisms.
448. Another dystonia.
449. Sudden appearance of invalidating dyskinesia-dystonia and off fluctuations after the introduction of levodopa in two dopaminomimetic drug naive patients with stage IV Parkinson's disease.
450. Posteroventral pallidotomy can ameliorate attacks of paroxysmal dystonia induced by exercise.
451. Dystonia and chorea in acquired systemic disorders.
452. Re-emergence of surgery for dystonia.
453. Focal hand dystonia in a patient with thoracic outlet syndrome.
454. Exercise induced steroid dependent dystonia, ataxia, and alternating hemiplegia associated with epilepsy.
455. The pathophysiology of primary dystonia.
456. Parkinsonism and dystonia in central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis.
457. Dopa responsive dystonia with Turner's syndrome: clinical, genetic, and neuropsychological studies in a family with a new mutation in the GTP-cyclohydrolase I gene.
458. Abnormal motor unit synchronization of antagonist muscles underlies pathological co-contraction in upper limb dystonia.
459. De novo mutations (GAG deletion) in the DYT1 gene in two non-Jewish patients with early-onset dystonia.
460. Current concepts on the clinical features, aetiology and management of idiopathic cervical dystonia.
461. Clinical similarities of hereditary progressive/dopa responsive dystonia caused by different types of mutations in the GTP cyclohydrolase I gene.
462. Spontaneous and reflex activity of facial muscles in dystonia, Parkinson's disease, and in normal subjects.
463. Idiopathic focal dystonia: a disorder of muscle spindle afferent processing?
464. Possible risk factors for primary adult onset dystonia: a case-control investigation by the Italian Movement Disorders Study Group.
465. What is the optimal dose of botulinum toxin A in the treatment of cervical dystonia? Results of a double blind, placebo controlled, dose ranging study using Dysport. German Dystonia Study Group.
466. A double blind, randomised, parallel group study to investigate the dose equivalence of Dysport and Botox in the treatment of cervical dystonia.
467. Clinical features and natural history of axial predominant adult onset primary dystonia.
468. Symptomatic and functional outcome of surgical treatment of cervical dystonia.
469. GTP cyclohydrolase I mutations in patients with dystonia responsive to anticholinergic drugs.
470. Bilateral posteroventral pallidotomy for severe antipsychotic induced tardive dyskinesia and dystonia.
471. Dopa-responsive dystonia: a syndrome of selective nigrostriatal dopaminergic deficiency.
472. Late onset familial dystonia: could mitochondrial deficits induce a diffuse lesioning process of the whole basal ganglia system?
473. Animal model explains the origins of the cranial dystonia benign essential blepharospasm.
474. Fine localization of the torsion dystonia gene (DYT1) on human chromosome 9q34: YAC map and linkage disequilibrium.
475. A novel point mutation in the GTP cyclohydrolase I gene in a Spanish family with hereditary progressive and dopa responsive dystonia.
476. Non-DYT1 dystonia in a large Italian family.
477. Dystonia in progressive supranuclear palsy.
478. Long-latency reflexes of hand muscles in idiopathic focal dystonia and their modification by botulinum toxin.
479. A primate model for studying focal dystonia and repetitive strain injury: effects on the primary somatosensory cortex.
480. Decreased [18F]spiperone binding in putamen in idiopathic focal dystonia.
481. Idiopathic torsion dystonia: assignment of a gene to chromosome 18p in a German family with adult onset, autosomal dominant inheritance and purely focal distribution.
482. Meningitis with dystonia.
483. Fluoxetine induced acute dystonia.
484. Tardive dystonia after neuroleptic treatment of Tourette's syndrome.
485. Genetic and biochemical impairment of mitochondrial complex I activity in a family with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy and hereditary spastic dystonia.
486. Dopa-responsive dystonia in British patients: new mutations of the GTP-cyclohydrolase I gene and evidence for genetic heterogeneity.
487. Use of transmitochondrial cybrids to assign a complex I defect to the mitochondrial DNA-encoded NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 gene mutation at nucleotide pair 14459 that causes Leber hereditary optic neuropathy and dystonia.
488. Changes in the balance between motor cortical excitation and inhibition in focal, task specific dystonia.
489. Alternating paroxysmal dystonia and hemiplegia in childhood as a symptom of basal ganglia disease.
490. Thalamo-olivary degeneration in a patient with laryngopharyngeal dystonia.
491. Hereditary non-progressive torsion dystonia with intellectual disturbance.
492. Assignment of the dystonia-parkinsonism syndrome locus, DYT3, to a small region within a 1.8-Mb YAC contig of Xq13.1.
493. Dopa responsive dystonia.
494. Adult onset idiopathic torsion dystonia is excluded from the DYT 1 region (9q34) in a Swedish family.
495. Dyspnea in dystonia. A functional evaluation.
496. A new X linked recessive deafness syndrome with blindness, dystonia, fractures, and mental deficiency is linked to Xq22.
497. Kinematic properties of upper limb trajectories in idiopathic torsion dystonia.
498. Painful paroxysmal dystonia associated with focal epileptic activity.
499. Cervical dystonia as an isolated sign of a basal ganglia tumour.
500. The DYT1 gene on 9q34 is responsible for most cases of early limb-onset idiopathic torsion dystonia in non-Jews.
501. Diphenhydramine-induced acute dystonia.
502. A mitochondrial DNA mutation at nucleotide pair 14459 of the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 gene associated with maternally inherited Leber hereditary optic neuropathy and dystonia.
503. Dystonia-parkinsonism syndrome resulting from a bullet injury in the midbrain.
504. Lessons from a remarkable family with dopa-responsive dystonia.
505. Acute dystonia due to clozapine.
506. Dystonia--a rare manifestation of carbamazepine toxicity.
507. Delayed-onset focal dystonia after diffuse cerebral hypoxia--two case reports.
508. Delayed-onset focal dystonia after stroke.
509. Brachial plexopathy after botulinum toxin administration for cervical dystonia.
510. Dystonia in central pontine myelinolysis without evidence of extrapontine myelinolysis.
511. Successful treatment of childhood onset symptomatic dystonia with levodopa.
512. Sleep disorders. Consider nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia.
513. Brachial plexopathy after Botulinum toxin administration for cervical dystonia.
514. Focal dystonia in musicians.
515. Neuroleptic - induced acute dystonia in schizophrenia and mania.
516. Delineation of the dystonia-parkinsonism syndrome locus in Xq13.
517. Unawareness of dystonia.
518. Tic or dystonia?
519. Acute dystonia due to amitriptyline.
520. Dystonia-parkinsonism syndrome (XDP) locus: flanking markers in Xq12-q21.1.
521. Delayed cyanide induced dystonia.
522. Strong allelic association between the torsion dystonia gene (DYT1) andloci on chromosome 9q34 in Ashkenazi Jews.
523. Bilateral striatal necrosis, dystonia and optic atrophy in two siblings.
524. The relationship between trauma and idiopathic torsion dystonia.
525. Torsion dystonia genes in two populations confined to a small region on chromosome 9q32-34.
526. Dickens, dystonia and dyskinesia.
527. Motor inhibition from the brainstem is normal in torsion dystonia during REM sleep.
528. Identification of a highly polymorphic microsatellite VNTR within the argininosuccinate synthetase locus: exclusion of the dystonia gene on 9q32-34 as the cause of dopa-responsive dystonia in a large kindred.
529. A case of Leigh's disease with initial manifestation of dystonia.
530. Botulinum toxin treatment of cranial-cervical dystonia, spasmodic dysphonia, other focal dystonias and hemifacial spasm.
531. Delayed-onset posthemiplegic dystonia and imitation synkinesia.
532. The genetics of idiopathic torsion dystonia.
533. Acute dystonia induced by midazolam and abolished by flumazenil.
534. Segregation analysis of idiopathic torsion dystonia in Ashkenazi Jews suggests autosomal dominant inheritance.
535. Idiopathic dystonia and cervical spondylotic myelopathy.
536. Rapid elbow movements in patients with torsion dystonia.
537. CSF oligoclonal IgG bands in a patient with torsion dystonia.
538. Severely mutilating focal dystonia in an adolescent.
539. Clinical variants of idiopathic torsion dystonia.
540. Dopa responsive dystonia.
541. Jaw closing spasm--a form of focal dystonia? An electrophysiological study.
542. Dopa responsive dystonia: a treatable condition misdiagnosed as cerebral palsy.
543. Tyrosine hydroxylase and levodopa responsive dystonia.
544. Acute upper airway obstruction due to supraglottic dystonia.
545. Dystonia and tremor induced by peripheral trauma: predisposing factors.
546. Cranial dystonia, blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm: clinical features and treatment, including the use of botulinum toxin.
547. Acute upper airway obstruction due to supraglottic dystonia induced by a neuroleptic.
548. Neuroleptic-induced laryngeal dystonia.
549. Acquired focal dystonia following recovery from central pontine myelinolysis.
550. Dystonia in homocystinuria.
551. Effect of tetrahydrobiopterin and 5-hydroxytryptophan on hereditary progressive dystonia with marked diurnal fluctuation: a suggestion of the serotonergic system involvement.
552. Hexosaminidase A deficiency presenting as juvenile progressive dystonia.
553. Stridor during dystonia phases of Parkinson's disease.
554. Late onset posthemiplegic dystonia in systemic lupus erythematosus.
555. Dystonia complicated by respiratory obstruction.
556. Transient dystonia as a complication of varicella.
557. Fluctuating dystonia responsive to levodopa.
558. Tardive dystonia in a psychiatric hospital.
559. Nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia.
560. Paroxysmal myoclonic dystonia with vocalisations.
561. Improvement of idiopathic torsion dystonia following dystonia-induced cervical subluxation.
562. The relationship of peripheral trauma and pain to dystonia.
563. Focal dystonia of the jaw and the differential diagnosis of unilateral jaw and masticatory spasm.
564. A recessively inherited ataxia with episodes of dystonia.
565. Familial dystonia and visual failure with striatal CT lucencies.
566. Nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia.
567. Generalized dystonia, whispering dysphonia and Wilson's disease in members of the same family.
568. Paroxysmal myoclonic dystonia with vocalisations: new entity or variant of preexisting syndromes?
569. Delayed onset dystonia.
570. The relationship of peripheral trauma and pain to dystonia.
571. The treatment of severe dystonia in children and adults.
572. Characterization of the rat mutant dystonic (dt): a new animal model of dystonia musculorum deformans.
573. Kinesigenic foot dystonia as a presenting feature of Parkinson's disease.
574. Hemi-dystonia secondary to localised basal ganglia tumour.
575. Familial paroxysmal dystonia induced by exercise.
576. Inheritance of idiopathic torsion dystonia among Jews.
577. Dystonia caused by putamino-capsulo-caudate vascular lesions.
578. Homocystinuria and dystonia.
579. Focal dystonia in association with cerebral infarction.
580. Efficacy of a combination of sodium valproate and baclofen in Meige's disease (idiopathic orofacial dystonia).
581. Dystonia associated with carbamazepine toxicity.
582. Hemi-dystonia due to focal basal ganglia lesion after head injury and improved by stereotaxic thalamotomy.
583. Idiopathic torsion dystonia with schizophrenia in first degree relatives : a case report.
584. Postural laterality in torticollis and torsion dystonia.
585. Progressive hemi-dystonia due to focal basal ganglia lesion after mild head trauma.
586. Latent idiopathic torsion dystonia provoked by thyrotoxicosis.
587. Delayed-onset dystonia in patients with "static" encephalopathy.
588. Phenothiazine-induced dystonia associated with an increase in serum creatine phosphokinase.
589. Torsion dystonia: a case report.
590. Blepharospasm-oromandibular dystonia syndrome (Brueghel's syndrome). A variant of adult-onset torsion dystonia?
591. Anesthetic management of a patient with dystonia musculorum deformans.
592. A genetic study of torsion dystonia.
593. 'Pugnatron'-like reaction in a patient with familial dystonia: torque induced motion analysis.
594. Influence of dystonia on the response to long-term L-dopa therapy in Parkinson's disease.
595. Acute dystonia due to metoclopramide.
596. Clinical and physiologic implications of thalamic surgery for dystonia and torticollis.
597. The nature of dystonia.
598. Dystonia musculorum deformans presenting as spasmodic torticolis.
599. Idiopathic dystonia musculorum deformans. I. The hereditary pattern.
600. Chemopallidectomy and chemothalamectomy for parkinsonism and dystonia.