Upper Respiratory Tract Infections

Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
Presentation by:Divya Ahuja, M.D.

Burden of Upper Respiratory Tract Infections
The Common Cold
Transmission of rhinoviruses
Clinical characteristics
Diagnosis and treatment
Acute bacterial sinusitis
Paranasal sinuses
Acute sinusitis: complications
Case study
Chronic sinusitis
Spectrum of fungal sinusitis
Otitis externa
Malignant otitis externa
Acute otitis media
Acute otitis media
Diagnosis and treatment
Chronic otitis media and mastoiditis
Acute pharyngitis
Acute pharyngitis: physical exam
Pharyngoconjuntival fever
Vesicular lesions
Vincent’s angina and Quinsy
Diphtheria
Miscellaneous causes of pharyngitis
Treatment
Acute laryngotracheobronchitis
Acute epiglottitis
Acute suppurative parotitis
Deep fascial space infections of the head and neck
Severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS)

SARS: CDC case definition

* Respiratory illness of unknown etiology AND
* Measured temperature > 100.4 degrees F (38 degrees C) AND
* One or more clinical findings of respiratory illness AND
* Travel within 10 days of onset of symptoms to an area with documented or suspected cases OR close contact with a case
* Clinical findings of respiratory illness: cough, SOB, dyspnea, hypoxia, or radiographic findings of either pneumonia or ARDS
* Travel includes certain areas (mainland China, Hong Kong, Hanoi, Singapore) and also airports with documented or suspected community transmission

SARS: Radiographic findings

* Early: a peripheral/pleural-based opacity (ground-glass or consolidative) may be the only abnormality. Look especially at retrocardiac area.
* Advanced: widespread opacification (ground-glass or consolidative) tending to affect the lower zones and often bilateral.
* Pleural effusions, lymphadenopathy, and cavitation are not seen.

Upper Respiratory Tract Infections.ppt