23 July 2012

Nosebleeds / Epistaxis

Management of Epistaxis
Tom Hamilton, D.O.
http://www.healthsciences.okstate.edu

Management of Epistaxis The Goal is Control
Tracey W. Childers, DO
http://www.healthsciences.okstate.edu

Epistaxis
Essie Fine
http://www.ent.uci.edu

Epistaxis
LIZ CHUI
http://ed.hs.uci.edu

Hard Palate Necrosis after Bilateral Internal Maxillary Artery Embolization for Epistaxis
Joel Guss, Marc Cohen, Duane Sewell, Natasha Mirza
http://www.uphs.upenn.edu

ENT Emergencies
http://emed.stanford.edu

Hypertensive Emergencies: Diagnosis and Treatment
Jamie Johnston, MD
http://residency.dom.pitt.edu

Not Just another Nosebleed: A Case of Hereditary Hemmorhagic Telectangietasia
Rebecca A. Vento
http://pediatrics.med.unc.edu

Nasopharyngolaryngoscopy for Family Physicians
http://www.fpm.emory.edu

Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome)
Scott Gabbard, MD
http://www.med.unc.edu

Eye, Ear & Maxillofacial Pathologies 
Kimberly Lakhan
http://www.d.umn.edu

Specific Injuries - Injuries to specific body parts require special care
http://faculty.nwacc.edu

167 Free full text published articles list
1. Barros J, Damásio J, Tuna A, Pereira-Monteiro J. Migraine-Induced Epistaxis -  and Sporadic Hemiplegic Migraine. Unusual Features in the Same Patient. Case Rep  -  Neurol. 2012 May;4(2):116-119. Epub 2012 Jun 26.
2. Fiorella ML, Lillo L, Fiorella R. Diode laser in the treatment of epistaxis in -  patients with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. -  2012 Apr;32(3):164-9.
3. Dutta M, Ghatak S, Dutta S, Saha J, Sen I, Sinha R. Glanzmann's -  Thrombasthenia. A Rare Cause of Recurrent Profuse Epistaxis. Indian J Hematol -  Blood Transfus. 2011 Jun;27(2):113-6. Epub 2011 May 8.
4. Teixeira DO, de Oliveira LC, Teixeira EB, Benvegnú AM, Machado LM. Extranasal  -  epistaxis. a diagnostic challenge. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2012 Apr;78(2):132-3. -  English, Portuguese.
5. Paul J, Kanotra SP, Kanotra S. Endoscopic management of posterior epistaxis. -  Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2011 Apr;63(2):141-4. Epub 2011 Feb 25. -
6. Chaurasia PK, Singh D, Meher S, Saran RK, Singh H. Epistaxis as first clinical -  presentation in a child with giant prolactinoma. Case report and review of -  literature. J Pediatr Neurosci. 2011 Jul;6(2):134-7.
7. Sigdel B, Bhandary S, Rijal S. Epistaxis in visceral leishmaniasis with -  hematological correlation. Int J Otolaryngol. 2012;2012:809056. Epub 2012 Jan 4.  -
8. Yaman H, Aydın Y, Yılmaz S, Onder E, Güçlüm E, Oztürk O. Recurrent and Massive -  Life Threatening Epistaxis due to Nasal Heroin Usage. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol.  -  2011 Sep;4(3):159-61. Epub 2011 Feb 14.
9. Gilyoma JM, Chalya PL. Etiological profile and treatment outcome of epistaxis  -  at a tertiary care hospital in Northwestern Tanzania. a prospective review of 104 -  cases. BMC Ear Nose Throat Disord. 2011 Sep 5;11:8.
10. Sarathi K. Nasal leech infestation causing persistent epistaxis. J Emerg -  Trauma Shock. 2011 Jul;4(3):413-4.
11. Jura-Szołtys E, Chudek J. Epistaxis as the reason for premature -  discontinuation of clopidogrel after percutaneous coronary angioplasty with stent -  implantation. Kardiol Pol. 2011;69(8):817-23.
12. Ho WL, Chuang WY, Kuo AJ, Chan KC. Nasal fish tank granuloma. an uncommon -  cause for epistaxis. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2011 Aug;85(2):195-6.
13. Singam P, Thanabalan J, Mohammed Z. Superselective embolisation for control -  of intractable epistaxis from maxillary artery injury. Biomed Imaging Interv J. -  2011 Jan-Mar;7(1):e3. Epub 2011 Jan 1.
14. Fatakia A, Winters R, Amedee RG. Epistaxis. a common problem. Ochsner J. 2010 -  Fall;10(3):176-8.
15. Shuster A, Gunnarsson T, Klurfan P, Larrazabal R. N-butyl cyanoacrylate -  proved beneficial to avoid a nontarget embolization of the ophthalmic artery in -  endovascular management of epistaxis. A neurointerventional report and literature -  review. Interv Neuroradiol. 2011 Mar;17(1):17-21. Epub 2011 Apr 18. Review. -
16. Rather YH, Sheikh AA, Sufi AR, Qureshi AA, Wani ZA, Shaukat TS. ADHD -  presenting as recurrent epistaxis. a case report. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment -  Health. 2011 Apr 24;5:13.
17. Butts MJ, Skalski JH, Wittich CM. 85-year-old man with epistaxis. Mayo Clin -  Proc. 2011 Apr;86(4):344-7.
18. Endo H, Fujimura M, Inoue T, Matsumoto Y, Ogawa Y, Kawagishi J, Jokura H, -  Shimizu H, Tominaga T. Simultaneous occurrence of subarachnoid hemorrhage and -  epistaxis due to ruptured petrous internal carotid artery aneurysm. association -  with transsphenoidal surgery and radiation therapy. case report. Neurol Med Chir  -  (Tokyo). 2011;51(3):226-9.
19. Fidan V, Ozcan K, Karaca F. Bilateral hemotympanum as a result of spontaneous -  epistaxis. Int J Emerg Med. 2011 Jan 27;4:3.
20. Fyrmpas G, Adeniyi A, Baer S. Occult renal cell carcinoma manifesting with -  epistaxis in a woman. a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2011 Feb 24;5:79.
21. Agreda B, Urpegui A, Ignacio Alfonso J, Valles H. [Ligation of the -  sphenopalatine artery in posterior epistaxis. Retrospective study of 50 -  patients]. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 2011 May-Jun;62(3):194-8. Epub 2011 Feb 1.  -  Spanish.
22. Grist WJ. Epistaxis. In. Walker HK, Hall WD, Hurst JW, editors. Clinical -  Methods. The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Boston. -  Butterworths; 1990. Chapter 124. -
23. Tong JL. Xylometazoline pretreatment reduces nasotracheal intubation-related  -  epistaxis in paediatric dental surgery. Br J Anaesth. 2011 Feb;106(2):279; author -  reply 279-80.
24. Zhang C, Xie X, You C, Mao B, Wang C, He M, Sun H. Endovascular treatment of  -  traumatic pseudoaneurysm presenting as intractable epistaxis. Korean J Radiol. -  2010 Nov-Dec;11(6):603-11. Epub 2010 Oct 29.
25. El-Seify ZA, Khattab AM, Shaaban AA, Metwalli OS, Hassan HE, Ajjoub LF. -  Xylometazoline pretreatment reduces nasotracheal intubation-related epistaxis in  -  paediatric dental surgery. Br J Anaesth. 2010 Oct;105(4):501-5. Epub 2010 Aug 3.  -
26. Hofman R, Franken AA, Rosingh HJ. Just epistaxis? Neth J Med. 2010 -  May;68(5):227-30.
27. Niyazi M, Caversaccio MD, Dubach P, Geretschläger A, Arnold A, Belka C, -  Aebersold DM, Blumstein NM. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy for a -  rendu-osler-weber disease patient with recurrent severe epistaxis. a case report. -  Case Report Med. 2010;2010:321835. Epub 2010 Mar 28.
28. Young TK, Hall R. The occasional management of epistaxis. Can J Rural Med. -  2010 Spring;15(2):70-4.
29. Faistauer M, Faistauer A, Grossi RS, Roithmann R. Clinical outcome of -  patients with epistaxis treated with nasal packing after hospital discharge. Braz -  J Otorhinolaryngol. 2009 Nov-Dec;75(6):857-65.
30. Nomura M, Shima H, Sugihara T, Fukui I, Kitamura Y. Massive epistaxis from a  -  thrombosed intracavernous internal carotid artery aneurysm 2 years after the -  initial diagnosis--case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2010;50(2):127-31. -
31. García Callejo FJ, Muñoz Fernández N, Achiques Martínez MT, Frías -  Moya-Angeler S, Montoro Elena MJ, Algarra JM. [Nasal packing in posterior -  epistaxis. Comparison of two methods]. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 2010 -  May-Jun;61(3):196-201. Epub 2010 Feb 6. Spanish.
32. Roca B. [Epistaxis and systemic disease]. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 2009 -  Nov-Dec;60(6):456-8. Epub 2009 Sep 25. Spanish.
33. Gopaluni S, Warwicker P. Superior vena cava obstruction presenting with -  epistaxis, haemoptysis and gastro-intestinal haemorrhage in two men receiving -  haemodialysis with central venous catheters. two case reports. J Med Case Rep. -  2009 May 27;3:6180.
34. You LG, Zhang KH, Zhang XA, Xie DH, Yang MF, Wang FH, Huang H, Wang XT, Xiao  -  DX, Yan B. Diagnosis and treatment of epistaxis caused by non-traumatic -  pseudoaneurysms of carotid artery. Chin Med J (Engl). 2009 Aug 20;122(16):1955-7. -
35. Chu YH, Lee JC. Images in clinical medicine. Unilateral epistaxis. N Engl J -  Med. 2009 Aug 27;361(9):e14.
36. Rabelo FA, Prado VB, Valera FC, Demarco RC, Tamashiro E, Lima WT. Surgical -  treatment of nasal packing refractory epistaxis. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2009 -  May-Jun;75(3):335-9. English, Portuguese.
37. Mello Júnior JF. [Epistaxis]. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2009 -  May-Jun;75(3):322. Portuguese.
38. Lim HY, Agarwal AM, Agarwal N, Ward JH. Recurrent epistaxis as a presenting -  sign of androgen-sensitive metastatic prostate cancer. Singapore Med J. 2009 -  May;50(5):e178-80.
39. French AE, Benseler SM, Birken CS. Case 2. A teenage boy with epistaxis. -  Paediatr Child Health. 2009 Feb;14(2):99-102.
40. Barrio J, Piqueras B, Rodrigo G, Rivero MJ. [Epistaxis as an initial sign of  -  hepatic disease]. An Pediatr (Barc). 2009 Jun;70(6):599-601. Epub 2009 May 9. -  Spanish.
41. Ros MA, Ojeda L, Alcón JJ, Lecuona C, Armengot M, Gomez MJ, Lurbe E. -  [Epistaxis in childhood. not always an insignificant finding]. An Pediatr (Barc). -  2009 May;70(5):502-4. Epub 2009 Apr 22. Spanish.
42. Willems PW, Farb RI, Agid R. Endovascular treatment of epistaxis. AJNR Am J -  Neuroradiol. 2009 Oct;30(9):1637-45. Epub 2009 Apr 16. Review.
43. Nanda S, Bhatt SP. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. epistaxis and -  hemoptysis. CMAJ. 2009 Apr 14;180(8):838.
44. Celik SE, Celik S, Kelten B. Extradural meningioma presenting with severe -  epistaxis. a case report and review of the literature. J Neurosurg Sci. 2009 -  Mar;53(1):27-30. Review.
45. Kumar S, Jain AP, Jain S. Rheumatic mitral stenosis with epistaxis as an -  initial symptom. Singapore Med J. 2009 Feb;50(2):e74-5.
46. Iseh KR, Muhammad Z. Pattern of epistaxis in Sokoto, Nigeria. a review of 72  -  cases. Ann Afr Med. 2008 Sep;7(3):107-11. Review.
47. Alonso-Treceño JL, Alonso-Castañeira I, Escapa-Garrachón JM, Moralejo-Martín  -  J, Enterría-González A, Freijanes-Otero J. [Nasal closure as definitive treatment -  for epistaxis in Rendu-Osler-Weber disease]. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 2008 -  Oct;59(8):420-3. Spanish.
48. Shah QA. Bilateral tri-arterial embolization for the treatment of epistaxis.  -  J Vasc Interv Neurol. 2008 Oct;1(4):102-5.
49. Al Mousa AI. Epistaxis as the initial manifestation of brucellosis. Int J -  Health Sci (Qassim). 2008 Jul;2(2):157-62.
50. Tong JL, Malanjum LS. Reducing epistaxis during nasotracheal intubation. -  Anesth Analg. 2008 Jun;106(6):1923-4; author reply 1924.
51. Kamani T, Shaw S, Ali A, Manjaly G, Jeffree M. Sphenopalatine-sphenopalatine  -  anastomosis. a unique cause of intractable epistaxis, safely treated with -  microcatheter embolization. a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2007 Oct 31;1:125. -
52. Seo KS, Kim JH, Yang SM, Kim HJ, Bahk JH, Yum KW. A new technique to reduce -  epistaxis and enhance navigability during nasotracheal intubation. Anesth Analg.  -  2007 Nov;105(5):1420-4, table of contents.
53. Wong T, Russo P, Mamula P. A 10-year-old boy with a 6-month history of -  gingival bleeding and epistaxis. MedGenMed. 2007 Apr 17;9(2):13.
54. Cabezuelo Huerta G, Vidal Micó S, Frontera Izquierdo P. [Epistaxis and anemia -  due to Hirudo medicinalis (medicinal leech)]. An Pediatr (Barc). 2007 -  Oct;67(4):402-3. Spanish.
55. Sugiyama N, Sasayama D, Amano N. Massive epistaxis and subconjunctival -  hemorrhage due to combination of paroxetine and limaprost alfadex. a case report. -  Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2007;9(3):240-1.
56. Liu Q, Chen YP, Li YM. Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome. a report of one case  -  associated with recurrent epistaxis. Chin Med J (Engl). 2007 Apr 20;120(8):731-3. -
57. Layton KF, Kallmes DF, Gray LA, Cloft HJ. Endovascular treatment of epistaxis -  in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. -  2007 May;28(5):885-8.
58. Jiamsripong P, Mookadam M, Mookadam F. An uncommon cause of epistaxis. -  cartoid cavernous fistula. Emerg Med J. 2007 May;24(5):e28.
59. Thapar A, George A, Pfleiderer A. Fulminant Wegener's granulomatosis -  presenting as epistaxis. Emerg Med J. 2007 Mar;24(3):e14.
60. Watt S, Pickhardt D, Lerman J, Armstrong J, Creighton PR, Feldman L. -  Telescoping tracheal tubes into catheters minimizes epistaxis during nasotracheal -  intubation in children. Anesthesiology. 2007 Feb;106(2):238-42.
61. Ashwin PT, Mirza S, Ajithkumar N, Tsaloumas MD. Iatrogenic central retinal -  artery occlusion during treatment for epistaxis. Br J Ophthalmol. 2007 -  Jan;91(1):122-3.
62. Walsh DC, Casey AT, Crockard HA. Life threatening epistaxis complicating -  extended maxillotomy for chordoma. Skull Base Surg. 2000;10(3):153-4.
63. Bortoluzzi M, Pavia M. Endovascular treatment of incoercible epistaxis and -  epidural cerebral hematoma. A case report. Interv Neuroradiol. 2006 Sep -  15;12(3):233-6. Epub 2006 Dec 13.
64. Behrens DC. Treatment of epistaxis in the emergency department. Emerg Med J.  -  2006 Mar;23(3):241.
65. Almeida GS, Diógenes CA, Pinheiro SD. Nasal endoscopy and localization of the -  bleeding source in epistaxis. last decade's revolution. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol.  -  2005 Mar-Apr;71(2):146-8. Epub 2005 Aug 2.
66. Aneeshkumar MK, Osman E, Shahab R, Roland NJ. Look before you pack. key point -  in epistaxis management. Emerg Med J. 2005 Dec;22(12):912-3.
67. Tiwari D, Plater M, Partridge R, Weston-Simons J. Primary malignant melanoma  -  of the nose. a rare cause of epistaxis in the elderly. Age Ageing. 2005 -  Nov;34(6):653-4.
68. Daniel M, Raghavan U. Relation between epistaxis, external nasal deformity, -  and septal deviation following nasal trauma. Emerg Med J. 2005 Nov;22(11):778-9.  -
69. Eze N, Lo S, Toma A. Advice given to patients with epistaxis by A&E doctors.  -  Emerg Med J. 2005 Oct;22(10):724-5.
70. Leong SC, Roe RJ, Karkanevatos A. No frills management of epistaxis. Emerg -  Med J. 2005 Jul;22(7):470-2. Review.
71. Pope LE, Hobbs CG. Epistaxis. an update on current management. Postgrad Med -  J. 2005 May;81(955):309-14. Review.
72. Breitschwerdt EB, Hegarty BC, Maggi R, Hawkins E, Dyer P. Bartonella species  -  as a potential cause of epistaxis in dogs. J Clin Microbiol. 2005 -  May;43(5):2529-33.
73. Chow CK, Wong SS, Ho AC, Lau SK. Unilateral epistaxis after swimming in a -  stream. Hong Kong Med J. 2005 Apr;11(2):110-2.
74. Kucik CJ, Clenney T. Management of epistaxis. Am Fam Physician. 2005 Jan -  15;71(2):305-11. Review.
75. Eng CY, Hilmi O, Ram B. Technical tips. 'Sheathed' silver nitrate stick to -  cauterise posterior epistaxis. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2004 Nov;86(6):475-6.
76. Yoo SJ, Cheon JH, Lee SW, Jung YS, Lee SH, Park JW, Hong EK, Kim CM. -  [Extrahepatic metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma to the nasal cavity -  manifested as massive epistaxis. a case report]. Korean J Hepatol. 2004 -  Sep;10(3):228-32. Korean.
77. Delgado AV, Sanders JC. A simple technique to reduce epistaxis and -  nasopharyngeal trauma during nasotracheal intubation in a child with factor IX -  deficiency having dental restoration. Anesth Analg. 2004 Oct;99(4):1056-7, table  -  of contents.
78. Ismail H, Buckland JR, Harries PG. The prevention of alar necrosis in Foley -  catheter fixation in posterior epistaxis. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2004 -  Jul;86(4):307.
79. Duncan IC, Van Der Nest L. Intralesional bleomycin injections for the -  palliation of epistaxis in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. AJNR Am J -  Neuroradiol. 2004 Aug;25(7):1144-6.
80. Duncan IC, Fourie PA, le Grange CE, van der Walt HA. Endovascular treatment -  of intractable epistaxis--results of a 4-year local audit. S Afr Med J. 2004 -  May;94(5):373-8.
81. Roux-Vaillard S, Pasco-Papon A, Laccourreye L, Dubin J. Treatment of -  epistaxis in Rendu-Osler-Weber disease by in situ Ethibloc injections. J -  Neuroradiol. 2004 Mar;31(2):110-5.
82. Urso-Baiarda F, Saravanappa N, Courteney-Harris R. An unusual cause of -  massive fatal epistaxis. Emerg Med J. 2004 Mar;21(2):266.
83. Auyeung KM, Lui WM, Chow LC, Chan FL. Massive epistaxis related to petrous -  carotid artery pseudoaneurysm after radiation therapy. emergency treatment with -  covered stent in two cases. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2003 Aug;24(7):1449-52.
84. Wiese MF. Bloody tears, and more! An unusual case of epistaxis. Br J -  Ophthalmol. 2003 Aug;87(8):1051.
85. Johal SS, Austin AS, Ryder SD. Epistaxis. an overlooked cause of massive -  haematemesis in cirrhosis. BMJ. 2003 Feb 22;326(7386):440-1.
86. Saunders S, Young C. An unusual epistaxis. Postgrad Med J. 2002 -  Oct;78(924):619-20.
87. Wallace HC, Harries PG. Epistaxis and conjunctival contamination--are our ENT -  trainees at risk? Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2002 Sep;84(5):302-3.
88. Bott SR, Shergill I, Arya M. Epistaxis after sildenafil. J R Soc Med. 2002 -  Oct;95(10):528.
89. Kumar M, Raman R, Prepagaran N, Krishnan G. Use of aural speculum in -  epistaxis. Br J Gen Pract. 2002 Mar;52(476):234.
90. Moxham V, Reid C. Controlling epistaxis with an improvised device. Emerg Med  -  J. 2001 Nov;18(6):518.
91. Sabbà C, Gallitelli M, Palasciano G. Efficacy of unusually high doses of -  tranexamic acid for the treatment of epistaxis in hereditary hemorrhagic -  telangiectasia. N Engl J Med. 2001 Sep 20;345(12):926.
92. Sédat J, Dib M, Odin J, Pédulla F, Aboulker C, Santini J. [Endovascular -  embolization of ophthalmic artery branches for control of refractory epistaxis. -  report of one case]. J Radiol. 2001 Jun;82(6 Pt 1):670-2. French.
93. Borba R, Sonda I, Dini LI, Calcagnotto FN, Marchett N, Cobalchini PC. -  [Carotid-cavernous fistula with lethal epistaxis. case report]. Arq -  Neuropsiquiatr. 2001 Jun;59(2-A):276-9. Portuguese.
94. Temmel AF, Quint C, Toth J. Debate about blood pressure and epistaxis will -  continue. BMJ. 2001 May 12;322(7295):1181.
95. Ghosh A, Jackson R. Towards evidence based emergency medicine. best BETs from -  the Manchester Royal Infirmary. Cautery or cream for epistaxis in children. Emerg -  Med J. 2001 May;18(3):210.
96. Saloheimo P, Juvela S, Hillbom M. Use of aspirin, epistaxis, and untreated -  hypertension as risk factors for primary intracerebral hemorrhage in middle-aged  -  and elderly people. Stroke. 2001 Feb;32(2):399-404.
97. Oguni T, Korogi Y, Yasunaga T, Sadanaga T, Uozumi H, Kawanaka K, Sumi S, -  Takahashi M. Superselective embolisation for intractable idiopathic epistaxis. Br -  J Radiol. 2000 Nov;73(875):1148-53.
98. Manfredini R, Portaluppi F, Salmi R, Martini A, Gallerani M. Circadian -  variation in onset of epistaxis. analysis of hospital admissions. BMJ. 2000 Nov -  4;321(7269):1112.
99. Kim YC, Lee SH, Noh GJ, Cho SY, Yeom JH, Shin WJ, Lee DH, Ryu JS, Park YS, -  Cha KJ, Lee SC. Thermosoftening treatment of the nasotracheal tube before -  intubation can reduce epistaxis and nasal damage. Anesth Analg. 2000 -  Sep;91(3):698-701.
100. Meibohm B, Zhang W, Beierle I, Meyer MC. Epistaxis associated with elevation -  of INR in a patient switched to generic warfarin--another view. Pharmacotherapy.  -  2000 Jul;20(7):866-9; discussion 869-71.
101. Murphy JE. Epistaxis associated with elevation of INR in a patient switched  -  to generic warfarin--a comment. Pharmacotherapy. 2000 Jul;20(7):863-5; discussion -  869-71.
102. Razdan U, Zada R, Chaturvedi VN. Epistaxis. study of aetiology, site and -  side of bleeding. Indian J Med Sci. 1999 Dec;53(12):545-52.
103. Wagner JL, Dent LA. Epistaxis associated with elevation of INR in a patient  -  switched to generic warfarin. Pharmacotherapy. 2000 Feb;20(2):240-3.
104. Koh E, Frazzini VI, Kagetsu NJ. Epistaxis. vascular anatomy, origins, and -  endovascular treatment. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2000 Mar;174(3):845-51.
105. Mackway-Jones K. Towards evidence based emergency medicine. best BETs from -  the Manchester Royal infirmary. The management of anterior epistaxis. J Accid -  Emerg Med. 1999 Jan;16(1):61-2.
106. Matsuda Y, Nakanishi Y, Mizuno Y. Occlusion of the internal carotid artery -  by means of microcoils for preventing epistaxis caused by guttural pouch mycosis  -  in horses. J Vet Med Sci. 1999 Mar;61(3):221-5.
107. Imamura J, Okuzono T, Okuzono Y. Fatal epistaxis caused by rupture of an -  intratumoral aneurysm enclosed by a large prolactinoma--case report. Neurol Med -  Chir (Tokyo). 1998 Oct;38(10):654-6.
108. Kodali VR, Schmitz A, Harrison NA. Epistaxis and diabetes mellitus in an -  obese woman. Postgrad Med J. 1998 Jul;74(873):429-31.
109. Strachan D, England J. First-aid treatment of epistaxis--confirmation of -  widespread ignorance. Postgrad Med J. 1998 Feb;74(868):113-4.
110. Alvarez H, Théobald ML, Rodesch G, Attal P, Magufis G, Bobin S, Lasjaunias -  P. [Endovascular treatment of epistaxis]. J Neuroradiol. 1998 Mar;25(1):15-8. -  French.
111. Weir JD. Effective management of epistaxis in athletes. J Athl Train. 1997 -  Jul;32(3):254-5.
112. Lubianca Neto JF, de Brito LB, dos Santos EF. [Epistaxis as a manifestation  -  of Bernard-Soulier Syndrome]. J Pediatr (Rio J). 1997 Mar-Apr;73(2):111-4. -  Portuguese.
113. Kotecha B, Fowler S, Harkness P, Walmsley J, Brown P, Topham J. Management -  of epistaxis. a national survey. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1996 Sep;78(5):444-6. -
114. Borden NM, Dungan D, Dean BL, Flom RA. Posttraumatic epistaxis from injury -  to the pterygovaginal artery. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1996 Jun-Jul;17(6):1148-50.  -
115. Lavy JA, Koay CB. First aid treatment of epistaxis--are the patients well -  informed? J Accid Emerg Med. 1996 May;13(3):193-5.
116. Turner P. The swimmer's nose clip in epistaxis. J Accid Emerg Med. 1996 -  Mar;13(2):134.
117. Carney AS, Weir J, Baldwin DL. Contamination with blood during management of -  epistaxis. BMJ. 1995 Oct 21;311(7012):1064.
118. Ernst RJ, Bulas RV, Gaskill-Shipley M, Tomsick TA. Endovascular therapy of -  intractable epistaxis complicated by carotid artery occlusive disease. AJNR Am J  -  Neuroradiol. 1995 Aug;16(7):1463-8.
119. Cross DT 3rd, Moran CJ, Brown AP, Oser AB, Goldberg DE, Diego J, Dacey RG. -  Endovascular treatment of epistaxis in a patient with tuberculosis and a giant -  petrous carotid pseudoaneurysm. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1995 May;16(5):1084-6. -
120. McGarry GW, Moulton C. The first aid management of epistaxis by accident and -  emergency department staff. Arch Emerg Med. 1993 Dec;10(4):298-300.
121. McGarry GU. Drug-induced epistaxis? J R Soc Med. 1990 Dec;83(12):812.
122. Akama H, Hama N, Amano K. Epistaxis induced by a non-steroidal -  anti-inflammatory drug. J R Soc Med. 1990 Aug;83(8):538.
123. Stevens HE. Epistaxis. Can Fam Physician. 1990 Apr;36:757-60.
124. Watson MG, Shenoi PM. Drug-induced epistaxis? J R Soc Med. 1990 -  Mar;83(3):162-4.
125. Kotecha B, Cocks RA, Rothera MP. The management of epistaxis in accident and -  emergency departments. a survey of current practice. Arch Emerg Med. 1990 -  Mar;7(1):35-41.
126. Backon J. Epistaxis after prolonged water immersion in a hot Jacuzzi. -  Postgrad Med J. 1989 Dec;65(770):958.
127. Barr GD. Silver nitrate cautery and epistaxis. Arch Emerg Med. 1989 -  Sep;6(3):233.
128. Takahashi T, Nakamura K, Andoh K, Tajima M. [Bilateral nontraumatic -  intracavernous internal carotid aneurysms presenting with massive epistaxis. Case -  report]. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 1988 Sep;28(9):904-9. Review. Japanese.
129. Tombleson PM. Local oestrogen for recurrent epistaxis caused by familial -  telangiectasia. J R Coll Gen Pract. 1988 May;38(310):227.
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