Pharmacology of Drugs Used to Treat Respiratory Disorders

The Pharmacology of Drugs Used to Treat Respiratory Disorders

Stuff about inverse-agonist beta-blockers (nadolol) and asthma
Asthma
COPD
Rhinitis & rhinorrhea
Cough

Asthma

“Obstruction of the airways (3rd to 7th generation of the bronchi) that is reversible with time or in response to treatment.”
Causes

* Allergens
* Cold air
* Exercise
* Upper respiratory infections
* Genetics

Features of asthma
Breathlessness
Cough
Wheezing
Chest tightness
Hyper-responsive lower airway
Hyperinflated lungs
Treatment

Remodeled airway
Poor distensibility of airway lumen on inspiration
Submucosal swelling internal to rigid zone with edema
Limited response to bronchodilator or anti-inflammatory therapy

Cells Recruited During Asthmatic Inflammation
Modulators of BSM contraction Contraction
Smooth muscle cell
Inflammatory mediators (e.g., histamine)
Goals of Therapy

Pharmacologic Therapy of Asthma
Anti-inflammatory
Bronchodilation
Prophylaxis
Anti-inflammatory Glucocorticoids
* Corticosteroids: the most effective anti-inflammatory agents.
* Primary action is to regulate gene expression.
Pharmacologic Actions
Anti-inflammatory Glucocorticoids
Inhalation of corticosteroids minimizes side effects
Disposition of Inhaled Drugs
Glucocorticoids Pharmacologic Actions
Inflammation Bronchonstriction
Mechanism of Action
Glucocorticoid Toxicity Administration by Inhalation
Toxicity: Inhalation
Glucocorticoid Toxicity: Systemic administration
Toxicity: Chronic systemic
Precautions/Contraindications
Therapy of Asthma
Long-acting(prophylaxis)
Short-acting(symptomatic)
and more topics are covered

The Pharmacology of Drugs Used to Treat Respiratory Disorders.ppt